Influence of plasma pretreatment on shear bond strength of self-adhesive resin cements to polyetheretherketone

Abstract

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study is to evaluate the adhesion between PEEK and two selfadhesive resin cements after plasma treatment. METHODS: Eight hundred sixty-four polyetheretherketone (PEEK) disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens were randomly selected and pretreated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n = 108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed), and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n = 54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3 M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray). All specimens were stored in water for 24 h (37°C ). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n = 18) for different aging levels: (1) no aging (baseline measurement), (2) thermal aging for 5,000 cycles (5/55°C), and (3) thermal aging for 10,000 cycles (5/55°C). Thereafter, shear bond strengths (SBS) were measured, and failure types (adhesive, mixed, and cohesive) were assessed. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, four-and one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc Scheffé test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: No adhesion could be established without adhesive pretreatment, irrespectively, whether plasma was applied or not. Also, no bond strength was measured when Ambarino P60 was applied. In contrast, adhesive pretreatment resulted in SBS ranging between 8 and 15 MPa. No significant differences were found between the resin cements used. In general, no cohesive failures were observed. Groups without plasma treatment combined with Visio.link or Signum PEEK Bond showed predominantly mixed failure types. Control groups, plasma treated, or treated using Ambarino P60 groups fractured predominantly adhesively. CONCLUSION: The use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based adhesives allows bonding between PEEK and self-adhesive resin cements. Plasma treatment has no impact on bond to resin cements. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: PEEK reconstructions can be cemented using self-adhesive resin cements combined with pretreatment with MMA-based adhesives. Methods: Eight-hundred-and-sixty-four PEEK disks were cut and polished to silicon carbide (SIC) P4000. One half of the specimens was randomly selected and pre-treated with plasma, whereas the remaining 432 specimens remained untreated. Subsequently, specimens were randomly allocated to four groups (n=108/group): Visio.link (Bredent), Signum PEEK Bond (Heraeus Kulzer), Ambarino P60 (Creamed) and a control group without additional treatment. Half of the specimens of each group (n=54) were then cemented with either RelyX Unicem Automix 2 (3M ESPE) or with Clearfil SA (Kuraray).All specimens were storage in water for 24 h (37°C). Afterwards, specimens were divided into three groups (n=18) for different aging levels: i. no aging (baseline measurement), ii.thermal aging for 5000 cycles (5/55°C) and iii. thermal aging for 10000 cycles (5/55°C).Thereafte...

Glycine: A potential coupling agent to bond to helium plasma treated PEEK?

“…It seems that MMA monomers are important contributors of increased bond strength between PEEK and another dimethacrylate-based materials. This was also supported by numerous previous studies [7,8,12]. Visio.link contains MMA monomers, PENTIA and dimethacrylate.…”

“…The idea to conduct this study was based on our previous findings that in-vitro study showed that helium plasma treatment had no impact on bond to resin composite cements [7], which was explained -in part -by a lack of sufficient functional groups being able to react with methacrylate. Nitrogen plasma treatment has already been shown to induce amine and imine carbon species as functional groups on polystyrene surfaces [3] displaying terminal nitrogen.…”

“…It can exist over an extremely wide range of temperature and pressure [6]. A previous in vitro study showed that the use of methyl methacrylate (MMA)-based adhesives allowed for bonding between PEEK and self-adhesive resin cements, but helium plasma treatment had no impact on bond to resin composite cements [7]. This was explained -in part -by a lack of sufficient functional groups being able to react with methacrylate, because PEEK represents an organic thermoplastic polymer material with highly cross-linked structures.…”

PEEK surface treatment effects on tensile bond strength to veneering resins

“…21 Generally, without the additional use of an adhesive system, no bond can be established between PEEK and resin materials. 21,[24][25][26]28 Therefore, the second hypothesis that the use of an additional adhesive system results in similar TBS values when no additional adhesive system is applied was rejected. Kern & Lehmann investigated the TBS of a provisional resin to PEEK with different methods for surface pretreatment and adhesive systems for conditioning.…”

“…16,21,[24][25][26][27] These studies also showed that additional adhesive systems are essential in establishing a strong bond to composite resins. 21,26,28 Acid treatment leads to emerging carbon-oxygen compounds, thereby providing more functional groups to which the components of adhesive systems can bond. 29 In addition, a hydrolysis of the connecting ether and ketone linkages takes place.…”