Evaluation of various denture cleansers on color stability and surface topography of polyetherketoneketone, polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sodium perborate effervescent tablets and citric acid solution on the color stability and surface topography of a new generation of high-performance polymer polyetherketoneketone (PEKK), thermoinjection-molded polyamide, and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA). Fifty discshaped specimens were fabricated (10 mm × 2 mm) from PEKK (P group), polyamide (D group), and PMMA (M group). These groups were divided into five subgroups (n = 10) according to the storage media. The test groups were immersed in the following solutions: distilled water (Control), Corega, Protefix, Perlodent, and Curaprox. The color stability values (ΔE) were measured using a spectrophotometer before and after immersion in distilled water and four different denture cleansers for 8 hr/day for 140 days. Topography alterations after treatments were assessed with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's Honest Significant Difference test. The p < .05 was considered significant. All denture cleansers increased the ΔE values relative to the baseline values in the M, D, and P groups (p < .05). The Perlodent denture cleanser demonstrated the highest ΔE value in all groups, which was unacceptable. Curaprox denture cleanser showed the lowest ΔE value in the M and D groups (p < .05). Curaprox in all groups showed a ΔE value less than 3.7. For patients who have PEKKand polyamide-based prosthesis, the use of citric acid-based cleansers may be more recommended than sodium perborate-containing cleansers because of its clinically acceptable color changes on polymers in terms of color stability.

In Vitro Effect of Denture Cleansers on the Color Stability of Polyetheretherketone and Other Denture Base Polymers

“…The addition of ceramic fillers to the polymers results in a high degree of polishability, thereby reducing plaque adhesion and providing long-term color stability (36). Polishability and color stability enable the production of partial or complete removable prostheses that are more stable and satisfactory result (1).…”

“…(PMMA) and polyamides are frequently used in partial or complete removable dentures (1,2). Of the two, owing to its low density, esthetics, low cost, and ease of manipulation, PMMA has long been the preferred material in removable prostheses.…”

“…Dental prosthesis hygiene and oral mucosal health are extremely important in implant-supported and tooth-supported removable prostheses to combat oral and systemic infections, especially in geriatric and immuno-compromised patients (1,10). Thus, dental prostheses must be cleaned properly on a regular basis.…”

“…Cleaning with chemical solutions can contribute to oral health, prosthetic denture life, and overall quality of life. Denture cleaning agents are divided into different groups according to their chemical compositions (i.e., enzymes, acids, hypochlorites, and peroxides) (1,11). Denture cleaning agents with different chemical compositions are widely used in the market to prevent microorganism colonization and plaque formation, especially Candida species, without changing the physical and mechanical properties of the prosthetic material (12).…”

“…For denture cleansers used daily and long term, agents with low concentrations of NaOCl are needed (16,17). A number of studies have investigated the effect of cleansers with different NaOCl contents on DBPs in terms of their color stability, water sorption, hardness, roughness, and solubility (1,3,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20). Most of these color stability studies used the CIELab formula (ΔEab) to determine color differences (1,13,20).…”