Glycine: A potential coupling agent to bond to helium plasma treated PEEK?

Abstract

OBJECTIVES To test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between two self-adhesive resin composite cements and PEEK after helium plasma treatment and used glycine as a potential coupling agent incorporated in different adhesives. METHODS In summary, 896 air-abraded PEEK specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were treated with cold active inert helium plasma and the other half were left non-treated. Both groups were then split in two groups: In group 1 (n=256), 64 specimens were pre-treated with: (a) soft-liner liquid, (b) visio.link, (c) Ambarino P60 and (d) no pre-treatment (control), respectively. In group 2 (n=192), specimens were conditioned accordingly, but the adhesive materials were modified by including a commercially available glycine (Air-Flow PERIO). PEEK specimens were then luted using either RelyX Unicem or Clearfil SA Cement and TBS was measured initially and after 14 days water storage combined with 10'000 thermal cycles (16 specimens/subgroup). Fracture type analysis was performed. For statistical analyses Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, 1-, 4-way ANOVA (post hoc: Scheffé), and t-test were used (p<0.001). RESULTS Helium plasma pre-treatment without glycine showed no impact on initial TBS (p>0.348). In contrast, a combination between glycine application and Softline/Ambarino P60 allowed for significantly higher initial TBS was measured after helium plasma treatment (p=0.001). However, this effect was no evident after thermo-cycling. All groups conditioned with visio.link showed the highest TBS values. SIGNIFICANCE The introduction of amine groups by simple provision of amino acids in the form of glycine can improve the bond strength after helium plasma treatment using different adhesive materials. However, using this simple approach, the method cannot withstand thermal challenge yet. AbstractObjectives: To test the tensile bond strength (TBS) between two self-adhesive resin composite cements and PEEK after helium plasma treatment and used glycine as a potential coupling agent incorporated in different adhesives.Methods: In summary, 896 air-abraded PEEK specimens were fabricated. Half of the specimens were treated with cold active inert helium plasma and the other half were left non-treated. Both groups were then split in two groups: In group 1 (n=256), 64 specimens were pre-treated with: a. Soft-Liner Liquid, b. visio.link, c. Ambarino P60 and d. no pretreatment (control), respectively. In group 2 (n=192), specimens were conditioned accordingly, but the adhesive materials were modified by including a commercially available glycine (Air-Flow PERIO). PEEK specimens were then luted using either RelyX Unicem or Clearfil SA Cement and TBS was measured initially and after 14 days water storage combined with 10'000 thermal cycles (16 specimens/subgroup). Fracture type analysis was performed. For statistical analyses Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Shapiro-Wilk tests, 1-, 4-way ANOVA (post-hoc: Scheffé), and t-test were used (p<0.001).Results: Helium plasma pre-treatment without glycine showed ...

The Effect of Various Plasma Gases on the Shear Bond Strength between Unfilled Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and Veneering Composite Following Artificial Aging

“…Traditionally, sandblasting and chemical etching are applied for surface treatment of different PEEK materials [6,7,8,9]. The utilization of plasma as an innovative approach to treating PEEK surfaces prior to bonding has also been used and has resulted in widely diverse results [10,11,12,13,14]. For instance, the studies of Stawarczyk et al and Schmidlin et al revealed no positive influence of helium plasma on the shear and tensile bond strength of ceramic-filled PEEK to two self-adhesive resin cements [12,15], whereas in the study of Zhou et al, the utilization of argon plasma improved the bond strength of PEEK to the tested resin cement and veneering composite [11].…”

“…The utilization of plasma as an innovative approach to treating PEEK surfaces prior to bonding has also been used and has resulted in widely diverse results [10,11,12,13,14]. For instance, the studies of Stawarczyk et al and Schmidlin et al revealed no positive influence of helium plasma on the shear and tensile bond strength of ceramic-filled PEEK to two self-adhesive resin cements [12,15], whereas in the study of Zhou et al, the utilization of argon plasma improved the bond strength of PEEK to the tested resin cement and veneering composite [11]. Schwitalla et al explored the influence of a cold, low pressure plasma mixture of argon/oxygen gases on the shear bond strength of three types of PEEK (unfilled PEEK, ceramic-filled PEEK, and pigment powder-filled PEEK) to veneering composite and observed insignificant improvement of the bond strength after combining sandblasting with plasma treatment [13].…”

Suitability of the new Aryl-Ketone-Polymer indicated for removable partial dentures: Analysis of elastic properties and bond strength to denture resin

“…On the adhesion properties, the present investigation also focused on the bond strength between the UAKP and denture resin, which has historically been challenging due to the characteristic inert surface character of highperformance thermoplastics 22) . Even though current scientific evidence has thoroughly dealt with bonding characteristics between high-performance thermoplastics to polymer-based materials like veneering resins [23][24][25][26][27][28] and resin composite [29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42] , data on the bonding behavior to denture resin is truly scarce 37) . The most important findings are that a surface pretreatment combined with appropriate specific conditioning step is necessary to realize a sufficient bonding to dental composites.…”

Influence of SiO₂ content of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) on flexural properties and tensile bond strength to resin cement

“…Various studies have investigated whether different surface pretreatments can improve the bond strength between PEEK and dental materials [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30] . In those studies, the PEEK surface was pretreated by sandblasting with piranha solution 17,18,21,23,24,31) , sulfuric acid 17,18,21,23,24,30) , or with different types of plasma 20,26,29) . In addition, the application of various adhesive systems after pretreatment have been investigated 17,[20][21][22][23][24]26,31,32) .…”

“…In those studies, the PEEK surface was pretreated by sandblasting with piranha solution 17,18,21,23,24,31) , sulfuric acid 17,18,21,23,24,30) , or with different types of plasma 20,26,29) . In addition, the application of various adhesive systems after pretreatment have been investigated 17,[20][21][22][23][24]26,31,32) . Those studies reported that the use of adhesive systems based on methyl methacrylate monomer as the main component yields a higher bond strength between the PEEK and dental materials.…”