Plasma L‐carnitine concentration in healthy dogs and dogs with hepatopathy

Neumann, Stephan; Welling, Heike; Thuere, Sibylle; Kaup, Franz‐Josef

doi:10.1111/j.1939-165x.2007.tb00199.x

Cited by 9 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…We did not measure taurine levels in whole blood, which is a study limitation. The third-party laboratory did not provide reference values for canine L-carnitine serum levels, however, dogs served as their own controls in this study and our findings are consistent with L-carnitine (plasma) levels reported in other clinically healthy dogs with a mean value of 24 uMol/L (range 10 – 46 uMol/L) 30 . Taurine and L-carnitine are important to myocardial health, and both have been used as nutritional supplements in conjunction with pharmaceutical intervention to address canine DCM 20 .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Domestic dogs maintain positive clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Linde

Lahiff

Krantz

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Objective: Domestic dogs can maintain health on complete and well-balanced canine plant-based nutrition (K9PBN). Novel insight on health outcomes in dogs consuming K9PBN is of relevance to veterinary professionals and consumers given a growing interest in non-traditional dog foods with perceived health benefits, while considering potential safety concerns. We aimed to investigate nutritional equivalence by measuring clinical health outcomes in adult dogs fed K9PBN over twelve months compared to a meat-based diet at baseline. Animals: Fifteen clinically healthy adult dogs living in households in Los Angeles County, California. Procedures: Prospective cohort study evaluating clinical, hematological, and nutritional parameters in dogs at 0, 6, and 12 months, including complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry, cardiac biomarkers, plasma amino acids, and serum vitamin concentrations. Results: Clinically healthy, client-owned, adult dogs maintain health, based on physical exams, CBC, serum chemistry, plasma amino acids, serum vitamins, and cardiac biomarkers combined with client-reported observations, when fed commercial K9PBN over a twelve-month period. Clinical Relevance: This study is the most comprehensive and longest known K9PBN investigation to date. It provides clinically important evidence-based nutrition data and new knowledge on outcomes in clinically healthy dogs who maintain health without consumption of animal-derived ingredients. Also, it is of major relevance to One Health paradigms since ingredients produced independent of industrial food animal production are both more sustainable and help to circumvent ethical dilemmas for maintenance of health in domestic dogs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Domestic dogs maintain positive clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Linde

Lahiff

Krantz

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…We did not measure taurine levels in whole blood or urine, which is a study limitation. The third-party laboratory did not provide reference values for canine L-carnitine serum levels, however, dogs served as their own controls in this study and our findings are consistent with L-carnitine (plasma) levels reported in other clinically healthy dogs with a mean value of 24 uMol/L (range 10–46 uMol/L) [ 33 ]. Taurine and L-carnitine are important to myocardial health, and both have been used as nutritional supplements in conjunction with pharmaceutical intervention to address canine DCM [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Domestic dogs maintain clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Linde,

Lahiff,

Krantz

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Domestic dogs can maintain health on complete and well-balanced canine plant-based nutrition (K9PBN). Novel insight on health outcomes in dogs consuming K9PBN is of relevance to veterinary professionals and consumers given a growing interest in non-traditional dog foods with perceived health benefits, while considering potential safety concerns. We aimed to investigate nutritional equivalence by measuring clinical health outcomes in adult dogs fed K9PBN over twelve months compared to a meat-based diet at baseline. We enrolled fifteen clinically healthy adult dogs living in households in Los Angeles County, California in a prospective cohort study and evaluated clinical, hematological, and nutritional parameters in dogs at 0, 6, and 12 months, including complete blood count (CBC), blood chemistry, cardiac biomarkers, plasma amino acids, and serum vitamin concentrations. The study found that clinically healthy, client-owned, adult dogs maintain health, based on physical exams, complete blood count, serum chemistry, plasma amino acids, serum vitamins, and cardiac biomarkers combined with client-reported observations, when fed commercial K9PBN over a twelve-month period. This study is the most comprehensive and longest known K9PBN investigation to date and provides clinically relevant evidence-based nutrition data and new knowledge on outcomes in clinically healthy dogs who thrive without consumption of animal-derived ingredients. These results also provide a valuable foundation for the future study of K9PBN as a potential nutritional intervention for clinically relevant pathologies in canine medicine. Lastly, it is of major relevance to One Health paradigms since ingredients produced independent of industrial food animal production are both more sustainable and help to circumvent ethical dilemmas for maintenance of health in domestic dogs.

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“…In these works, circulating carnitine has been classified into free and esterified fractions. Interestingly, resting free carnitine concentration, or C0, in the dogs of our study (24–48 μmol/l) seems comparable or slightly higher than reference values obtained from sedentary dogs (12–38 nmol/ml, 9–45 μmol/l) [ 78 – 80 ] and to another population of sled dogs we sampled in an untrained state (12–28 μmol/l)(data not shown). The esterified carnitine fraction generally refers to the sum of C2 and all other short, medium and long-chain profiles; its reference values in non-athletic dogs ranges from 0 to 7 nmol/ml [ 78 , 79 ] and from 4 to 5 μmol/l in athletic untrained sled dogs (data not show).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…We did not compare carnitine/acylcarnitine values of sled dogs to those of non-athletic or sedentary dogs. Plasma carnitine and AC reference values in non-athletic dogs have been reported elsewhere [ 78 – 80 ]. In these works, circulating carnitine has been classified into free and esterified fractions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acylcarnitine profile in Alaskan sled dogs during submaximal multiday exercise points out metabolic flexibility and liver role in energy metabolism

et al. 2021

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Alaskan sled dogs develop a particular metabolic strategy during multiday submaximal exercise, allowing them to switch from intra-muscular to extra-muscular energy substrates thus postponing fatigue. Specifically, a progressively increasing stimulus for hepatic glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis provides glucose for both fueling exercise and replenishing the depleted muscle glycogen. Moreover, recent studies have shown that with continuation of exercise sled dogs increase their insulin-sensitivity and their capacity to transport and oxidize glucose and carbohydrates rather than oxidizing fatty acids. Carnitine and acylcarnitines (AC) play an essential role as metabolic regulators in both fat and glucose metabolism; they serve as biomarkers in different species in both physiologic and pathologic conditions. We assessed the effect of multiday exercise in conditioned sled dogs on plasma short (SC), medium (MC) and long (LC) chain AC by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). Our results show chain-specific modification of AC profiles during the exercise challenge: LCACs maintained a steady increase throughout exercise, some SCACs increased during the last phase of exercise and acetylcarnitine (C2) initially increased before decreasing during the later phase of exercise. We speculated that SCACs kinetics could reflect an increased protein catabolism and C2 pattern could reflect its hepatic uptake for energy-generating purposes to sustain gluconeogenesis. LCACs may be exported by muscle to avoid their accumulation to preserve glucose oxidation and insulin-sensitivity or they could be distributed by liver as energy substrates. These findings, although representing a “snapshot” of blood as a crossing point between different organs, shed further light on sled dogs metabolism that is liver-centric and more carbohydrate-dependent than fat-dependent and during prolonged submaximal exercise.

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Plasma L‐carnitine concentration in healthy dogs and dogs with hepatopathy

Abstract: Liver disease in dogs was accompanied by elevated plasma L-carnitine concentration. The severity of hepatitis appears to influence L-carnitine concentration.

Cited by 9 publications

References 23 publications

Domestic dogs maintain positive clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Domestic dogs maintain positive clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Domestic dogs maintain clinical, nutritional, and hematological health outcomes when fed a commercial plant-based diet for a year

Acylcarnitine profile in Alaskan sled dogs during submaximal multiday exercise points out metabolic flexibility and liver role in energy metabolism

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