Plasma<i>n</i>-3 fatty acid response to an<i>n</i>-3 fatty acid supplement is modulated by apoE ɛ4 but not by the common PPAR-α L162V polymorphism in men

Plourde, Mélanie; Vohl, Marie‐Claude; Vandal, Milène; Couture, Patrick; Lemieux, Simone; Cunnane, Stephen C.

doi:10.1017/s000711450938215x

Cited by 95 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…APOE genotype did not have an impact on baseline or post-treatment phospholipid fatty acid status. This supports data found in previous studies (6,14) in which similar proportions of EPA and DHA were observed in plasma phospholipids after supplementation with LC n-3 PUFA in E4 carriers v. non-carriers. Interestingly, in the study of Plourde et al (14) , a genotype effect was observed on the EPA and DHA content of plasma NEFA and TAG, respectively, with a lower incorporation evident in E4 carriers v. non-carriers, a finding worthy of further investigation.…”

Section: Achievement Of Dietary Targetssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…Due to previous findings that changes in lipid profile in response to DHA supplementation differ between apoE4 carriers v. non-carriers (6,12,13) , phospholipid fatty acid status was analysed with respect to genotype in order to ascertain whether the E4 isoform may alter incorporation of LC n-3 PUFA into phospholipids. To our knowledge, only two studies have examined phospholipid fatty acid status with respect to genotype (6,14) , both with relatively small subject numbers (n 8 carriers, n 20 non-carriers and n 18 carriers, n 20 non-carriers, respectively).…”

Section: Assessment Of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SATgenɛ dietary model to implement diets of differing fat composition in prospectively genotyped groups (apoE) using commercially available foods

et al. 2012

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Response to dietary fat manipulation is highly heterogeneous, yet generic population-based recommendations aimed at reducing the burden of CVD are given. The APOE epsilon genotype has been proposed to be an important determinant of this response. The present study reports on the dietary strategy employed in the SATgen1 (SATurated fat and gene APOE) study, to assess the impact of altered fat content and composition on the blood lipid profile according to the APOE genotype. A flexible dietary exchange model was developed to implement three isoenergetic diets: a low-fat (LF) diet (target composition: 24 % of energy (%E) as fat, 8 %E SFA and 59 %E carbohydrate), a high-saturated fat (HSF) diet (38 %E fat, 18 %E SFA and 45 %E carbohydrate) and a HSF-DHA diet (HSF diet with 3 g DHA/d). Free-living participants (n 88; n 44 E3/E3 and n 44 E3/E4) followed the diets in a sequential design for 8 weeks, each using commercially available spreads, oils and snacks with specific fatty acid profiles. Dietary compositional targets were broadly met with significantly higher total fat (42·8 %E and 41·0 %E v. 25·1 %E, P#0·0011) and SFA (19·3 %E and 18·6 %E v. 8·33 %E, P# 0·0011) intakes during the HSF and HSF-DHA diets compared with the LF diet, in addition to significantly higher DHA intake during the HSF-DHA diet (P#0·0011). Plasma phospholipid fatty acid analysis revealed a 2-fold increase in the proportion of DHA after consumption of the HSF-DHA diet for 8 weeks, which was independent of the APOE genotype. In summary, the dietary strategy was successfully implemented in a free-living population resulting in well-tolerated diets which broadly met the dietary targets set.Key words: Dietary fat composition: APOE genotype: SFA: DHA In order to reduce the risk of CVD, the UK Scientific Advisory Committee on Nutrition (SACN) recommends a population reduction of dietary saturated fat (SFA) intake to an average of ,11 % of food energy and a minimum daily intake of 0·45 g of the long-chain n-3 PUFA (LC n-3 PUFA), EPA and DHA (1) . There is a rapidly increasing body of evidence on the significant impact of genetic variation and other physiological and lifestyle factors on an individual's response to dietary manipulation, and a recognition of the large interindividual heterogeneity in response to dietary change. In light of this, it is predicted that a more personalised/stratified approach to nutritional advice may be more effective in the reduction of disease risk (2) relative to the more generic advice currently provided. Available evidence examining genotype -diet -phenotype associations is largely derived from epidemiological studies, with data from 'fit-for-purpose' randomised controlled trials distinctly lacking.ApoE is a structural component of TAG-rich lipoproteins required for lipid transport and clearance. There are a number of SNP of the gene encoding for this apolipoprotein. The most studied are the APOE epsilon missense mutations rs429358 and rs7412 that give rise to three common isoforms (Apo12, Apo13 and Apo14). Thes...

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Section: Achievement Of Dietary Targetssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Assessment Of Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

SATgenɛ dietary model to implement diets of differing fat composition in prospectively genotyped groups (apoE) using commercially available foods

et al. 2012

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“…Dietary intake of EPA and DHA explained only 12% of the variability of the Harris index (EPA plus DHA) in blood cell membranes in adults at high cardiovascular risk ( 16 ), suggesting that other factors are responsible for a substantial proportion of variation in their blood levels, among which genetic determinants such as the APOE genotype might have a major role. Indeed, an experimental intervention showed that a supplement of n-3 PUFAs (1.9 g EPA plus 1.1 g DHA per day) for 6 weeks induced higher plasma concentrations of both EPA and DHA in APOE4 noncarriers than in carriers ( 17 ). However, this study used doses of EPA and DHA much higher than usual dietary by guest, on May 10, 2018 www.jlr.org…”

Section: Dietary Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 75%

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Samieri

Lorrain

Buaud

et al. 2013

Journal of Lipid Research

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( P < 0.0001), alcohol intake ( P = 0.0006), and female gender ( P = 0.02), and decreased with intensive consumption of n-6 oils ( P = 0.02). The positive association between fi sh consumption and plasma DHA was highly signifi cant whatever the APOE genotype ( P < 0.0001) but stronger in APOE4 noncarriers than in carriers ( P = 0.06 for interaction). Plasma DHA increased signifi cantly with age ( P = 0.009) in APOE4 noncarriers only. These fi ndings suggest that dietary habits, gender, and APOE4 genotype should be considered when designing interventions to increase n-3 PUFA blood levels in older people. -Samieri, C., S. Lorrain, B. Buaud, C. Vaysse, C. Berr, E. Peuchant, S. C. Cunnane, and P. Barberger-Gateau. Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype. Long-chain n-3 PUFAs [eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] could potentially exert a protective effect against brain aging due principally to their vascular, anti-infl ammatory, and neuroprotective properties ( 1 ). Accordingly, several epidemiological studies have observed an inverse association between habitual consumption of long-chain n-3 PUFAs or fi sh, their main dietary source, and risk of cognitive decline or dementia ( 1 ). However, this protective association may be limited to Abbreviations: 3C, Three-City; AD, Alzheimer's disease; ALA, ␣ -linolenic acid; APOE4 , 4 allele of the APOE gene; DHA, docosahexaenoic acid; EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid; FFQ, food frequency questionnaire; HR, hazard ratio; RCT, randomized controlled trial.

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“…Soderberg et al [124] and Prasad et al [125] independently reported that DHA in the hippocampus is significantly lower in AD than in healthy controls. Numerous studies have reported a relationship between DHA and cognitive decline [141,142]. Gillette Guyonnet et al [143] suggested that fish oil might protect the elderly from developing neurodegenerative diseases including AD.…”

Section: Epidemiological Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

Hashimoto

Hossain

Mamun

et al. 2016

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology

134

108

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Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6, x-3) is a highly polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acid. It is concentrated in neuronal brain membranes, for which reason it is also referred to as a ''brain food''. DHA is essential for brain development and function. It plays an important role in improving antioxidant and cognitive activities of the brain. DHA deficiency occurs during aging and dementia, impairs memory and learning, and promotes age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). For about two decades, we have reported that oral administration of DHA increases spatial memory acquisition, stimulates neurogenesis, and protects against and reverses memory impairment in amyloid b peptide-infused AD rat models by decreasing amyloidogenesis and protects against age-related cognitive decline in the elderly. These results demonstrate a robust link between DHA and cognitive health. Rodents that were fed a diet low in x-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly those that were DHA-deficient, frequently suffered from anxiety, depression and memory impairment. Although the exact mechanisms of action of DHA in brain functions are still elusive, a host of mechanisms have been proposed. For example, DHA, which inherently has a characteristic three-dimensional structure, increases membrane fluidity, strengthens antioxidant activity and enhances the expression of several proteins that act as substrates for improving memory functions. It reduces the brain amyloid burden and inhibits in vitro fibrillation and amyloid-induced neurotoxicity in cell-culture model. In this review, we discuss how DHA acts as a molecule with diverse functions. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Plasman-3 fatty acid response to ann-3 fatty acid supplement is modulated by apoE ɛ4 but not by the common PPAR-α L162V polymorphism in men

Cited by 95 publications

References 26 publications

SATgenɛ dietary model to implement diets of differing fat composition in prospectively genotyped groups (apoE) using commercially available foods

SATgenɛ dietary model to implement diets of differing fat composition in prospectively genotyped groups (apoE) using commercially available foods

Relationship between diet and plasma long-chain n-3 PUFAs in older people: impact of apolipoprotein E genotype

Docosahexaenoic acid: one molecule diverse functions

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