Plasma Carburizing of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured 316 L Steel for Enhancing the Surface Hardness

Montanari, Roberto; Lanzutti, A.; Richetta, M.; Tursunbaev, Javokhir; Vaglio, Emanuele; Varone, Alessandra; Verona, C.

doi:10.3390/coatings12020258

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 42 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Montanari et al treated 316L stainless steel with L-PBF and modified the steel surface with ion carburization. The results showed that ion carburization generated an Sc phase on the surfaces of the 316L steel and L-PBF-316L steel, which increased the surface hardness by a factor of two and further improved the mechanical properties [16]. Scheuer et al prepared the carburized layer on the surface of AISI 420 martensitic stainless steel and investigated the effect of plasma carburizing time and temperature on their dry sliding friction and wear behavior.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburization on Fretting Wear Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Sun,

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AISI 316L stainless steel has received considerable attention as a common material for key ball valve components; however, its properties cannot be improved through traditional phase transformation, and fretting wears the contact interface between valve parts. A carburized layer was prepared on the surface of AISI 316L stainless steel by using double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology. This study reveals the effect of double-glow low-temperature plasma carburization technology on the fretting wear mechanism of AISI 316L steel under different normal loads and displacements. The fretting wear behavior and energy dissipation of the AISI 316L steel and the carburized layer were studied on an SRV-V fretting friction and wear machine with ball–plane contact. The wear mark morphology was analyzed by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the phase structure of the carburized layer was characterized with X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the wear profile and wear volume were evaluated with laser confocal microscopy. The carburized layer contains a single Sc phase, a uniform and dense structure, and a metallurgically combined matrix. After plasma carburizing, the sample exhibited a maximum surface hardness of 897 ± 18 HV0.2, which is approximately four times higher than that of the matrix (273 ± 33 HV0.2). Moreover, the surface roughness was approximately doubled. The wear depth, wear rate, and frictional dissipation energy coefficient of the carburized layer were significantly reduced by up to approximately an order of magnitude compared with the matrix, while the wear resistance and fretting wear stability of the carburized layer were significantly improved. Under different load conditions, the wear mechanism of the AISI 316L steel changed from adhesive wear and abrasive wear to adhesive wear, fatigue delamination, and abrasive wear. Meanwhile, the wear mechanism of the carburized layer changed from adhesive wear to adhesive wear and fatigue delamination, accompanied by a furrowing effect. Under variable displacement conditions, both the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer mainly exhibited adhesive wear and fatigue peeling. Oxygen elements accumulated in the wear marks of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer, indicating oxidative wear. The fretting wear properties of the AISI 316L steel and carburized layer were determined using the coupled competition between mechanical factors and thermochemical factors. Low-temperature plasma carburization technology improved the stability of the fretting wear process and changed the fretting regime of the AISI 316L steel and could be considered as anti-wearing coatings of ball valves.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburization on Fretting Wear Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Sun,

Li,

Cao

et al. 2024

Coatings

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This method offers the advantage of exhibiting a gradual variation in carbon content in the thickness direction due to diffusion from the gas phase to the surface, resulting in reduced interfacial delamination and no changes in the target material's properties under low-temperature heat treatment. Numerous studies have demonstrated the application of this process to enhance the tribological and corrosion performance of austenitic stainless steel, including improvements in scratch resistance, cavitation erosion resist-ance, and other related properties [9][10][11] .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Carburization on the Microstructure and Laser Weldability of 316L Stainless Steel

Park,

Lee,

Kim

et al. 2023

J Weld Join

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This study aims to investigate the influence of the carburizing layer on the microstructure of laser-welded joints in 316L stainless steel, aiming to enhance the properties of stainless steel components through the incorporation of carburization. Through a comprehensive experimental approach, including nanoindentation and Vickers hardness measurements, the microstructural analysis of the laser-welded specimens was conducted. The nanoindentation results reveal a significant increase in hardness, with the carburizing layer exhibiting a remarkable 215% improvement compared to the base material. In order to effectively harness the wear resistance for various applications, the examination of macroscopic characteristics in laser-welded joints reveals the necessity of regulating heat input and minimizing defects to attain welds of superior quality. Additionally, the phase transformation behavior of stainless steel during welding was found to be altered due to dilution in the fusion zone and the presence of high carbon content in the heat-affected zone of the carburizing layer. Overall, this research provides valuable insights into the microstructural changes induced by carburization and its implications for the welding performance and mechanical properties of stainless steel.

show abstract

“…Low-temperature carburizing of stainless-steel materials using carburizing gases, such as methane, propane, and butane, is a common method for producing a carburizing S phase with supersaturated carbon. In this method, carbon diffuses from the surface to form an expanded austenitic phase, thus improving wear resistance similar to the nitriding S phase [30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. Furthermore, compared to only carburizing or nitriding, a continuous or simultaneous treatment that combines carburizing and nitriding can increase the thickness, hardness, and wear resistance of the S phase [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A few papers have reported low-temperature nitriding and carburizing for austenitic stainless-steel fabrication via directed energy deposition and powder bed fusion [22,24,32,46,47]. However, to the best of our knowledge, none of the studies published to date investigate tungsten carbide composites except the previous study [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Solid-Solution Carbon and Eutectic Carbides in AISI 316L Steel-Based Tungsten Carbide Composites on Plasma Carburizing and Nitriding

Adachi

Yamaguchi

Tanaka

et al. 2023

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

AISI 316L stainless-steel-based tungsten carbide composite layers fabricated via laser metal deposition are used for additive manufacturing. Heat treatment practices such as low-temperature plasma carburizing and nitriding improve the hardness and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels via the formation of expanded austenite, known as the S phase. In the present study, practices to enhance the hardness and corrosion resistances of the stainless-steel parts in the composite layers have been investigated, including single plasma carburizing for 4 h and continuous plasma nitriding for 3.5 h following carburizing for 0.5 h at 400 and 450 °C. The as-deposited composite layers contain solid-solution carbon and eutectic carbides owing to the thermal decomposition of tungsten carbide during the laser metal deposition. The eutectic carbides inhibit carbon diffusion, whereas the original solid-solution carbon contributes to the formation of the S phase, resulting in a thick S phase layer. Both the single carburizing and continuous processes are effective in improving the Vickers surface hardness and corrosion resistance of the composite layers despite containing the solid-solution carbon and eutectic carbides.

show abstract

Plasma Carburizing of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Manufactured 316 L Steel for Enhancing the Surface Hardness

Cited by 8 publications

References 42 publications

Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburization on Fretting Wear Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Effect of Low-Temperature Plasma Carburization on Fretting Wear Behavior of AISI 316L Stainless Steel

Effect of Carburization on the Microstructure and Laser Weldability of 316L Stainless Steel

Effects of Solid-Solution Carbon and Eutectic Carbides in AISI 316L Steel-Based Tungsten Carbide Composites on Plasma Carburizing and Nitriding

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About