Plasma acetate turnover and oxidation.

Abstract

A B S T R A C T Plasma acetate turnover and oxidation were determined in 11 healthy subjects by the constant infusion of a trace amount of [1_-4C]acetate for 6 h. The subjects ages ranged from 22 to 57 yr. There was a positive correlation (P < 0.001) between plasma acetate concentration and turnover rate, and a negative correlation (P < 0.001) between turnover and age. The plasma acetate concentration in the subjects 22-28 yr old was 0.17 vs. 0.13 mM (P < 0.02) in subjects 40-57 yr old. The plasma acetate turnover rate was also greater in the younger age group (8.23+0.66 vs. 4.98+0.64 ,umol/ min -kg, P < 0.01). Approximately 90% of the plasma acetate turnover was immediately oxidized to CO2 in both age groups, however, 13.2±+0.89% of the CO2 output in the younger group was derived from plasma acetate oxidation compared to 7.9+0.94% in the older group (P < 0.01). The mean plasma acetate concentration, turnover, and oxidation in six cancer patients 47-63 yr old were similar to the values observed in the age-matched healthy subjects.

Sirtuins deacetylate and activate mammalian acetyl-CoA synthetases

“…The serum levels of acetate are reported to be Յ0.2 mM in humans, although the sources of acetate are varied (ref. 31 and references therein). Acetate can be absorbed in the gut from the diet or from the byproducts of resident enteric bacteria.…”

“…Acetate metabolism is impaired in diabetics (ref. 36 and references therein) and as humans age (31). Because mammalian AceCSs are essential in converting free acetate to acetyl-CoA, we explored the molecular mechanism for controlling AcsCS activity at the posttranslational level.…”

Improvement of Obesity and Glucose Tolerance by Acetate in Type 2 Diabetic Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) Rats

“…2,3) Acetate is activated by acetyl-CoA synthetase (AceCS) to produce acetyl-CoA, an essential metabolic intermediate that is utilized in various metabolic processes including the TCA cycle, fatty acid synthesis and cholesterol synthesis. [4][5][6][7][8][9] On the other hand, under the fed condition, an intake of excess carbohydrate leads to the activation of several glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes, including liver pyruvate kinase (L-PK), acetylCoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), and consequently results in increased fat storage. The carbohydrate-responsive element (ChRE)-binding protein (ChREBP) is a recently discovered transcription factor responsible for glucose-induced transcription of L-PK.…”

Colonic Acetate in the Circulating Acetate Pool of the Infant Pig

“…In nonruminants, although less is known about the systemic utilization of acetate, it is considered a potentially significant energy source (12,13). Estimates indicate that up to 10% of the postabsorptive energy expenditure in humans could be derived from plasma acetate ( 14).…”