Colonic Acetate in the Circulating Acetate Pool of the Infant Pig

Freeman, Katharine; Foy, Thomas M.; Feste, Andrew S.; Reeds, Peter J.; Lifschitz, Carlos

doi:10.1203/00006450-199309000-00016

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…Our result s demonstrated a good correlation between BH 2 and serum acetate values and also a good correlation between these variables and time, particularly in infants who retained the colonic infusate for a longer period (group II). Th at the seru m acetate curve paralleled that of BH 2 indicated that , after fermentation , aceta te was rapidly absorbed through the co lonic muco sa and reached the peripheral circulation in large amo unts , a finding similar to observations in newborn pigs (13). Infants who excreted the infu sate faster (group I) had , as a group , lower ace tate and H 2 values .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

“…Samples were analyzed by a modification of the high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) method of Chen and Lifschitz (12) as described by Freeman et al (13). Briefly, the HPLC system (Water Associates, Milford, MA, U.S.A.) was made up of a cationic exchange column (ORH-80l Organic Acetates Column, Interaction Chemicals, Mountain View, CA, U.S.A.) equipped with a conductivity detector.…”

Section: Serum and Fecal Acetate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Lifschitz,

Carrazza,

Feste

et al. 1995

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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SummaryDietary carbohydrate in the colon is fermented and converted into short‐chain fatty acids. We studied the fate of carbohydrate that arrives in the colon under circumstances similar to those that occur during an episode of diarrhea and determined whether a quantitative correlation exists among certain indicators of colonic fermentation of carbohydrate arriving in the large bowel. A stable‐isotope method was used to estimate carbon scavenging by the colon. Fourteen infants with severe malnutrition and history of watery stools and/or increased numbers of stools in the preceding 20 days were studied. Infants underwent nasocecal intubation and a 60‐min infusion of 0.5 g/kg glucose containing 5 mg/kg of 13C‐glucose. Stools were assessed for carbohydrate‐fermenting bacteria, acetate, glucose, and 13C abundance; blood was assessed for acetate; and breath was assessed for hydrogen. Some of the infants eliminated the infusate per anus within 30 min of the infusion (group I; n = 5), while others did so 120 min or more after the infusion (Group II; n = 9). The volume of fecal output after the intracecal infusion differed significantly between group I and group II (57 ± 13 vs. 24 ± 4 ml; p < 0.05). Although baseline breath hydrogen (3 ± 1 vs. 10 ± 4 parts per million) and plasma acetate (41 ± 4 vs. 47 ± 9 μM) values were not significantly different between groups, breath hydrogen values at 45 min after start of infusion were significantly lower in group I than in group II (3 ± 1 vs. 19 ± 5 ppm; p = 0.008); 60 min after start of infusion, plasma acetate levels were significantly lower in group I than in group II (34 ± 8 vs. 69 ± 11μM; p = 0.02), and the difference remained significant throughout the study. Regression analyses indicated a significant association between time elapsed from start of intracolonic infusion and plasma acetate (p = 0.014) and breath hydrogen (p = 0.04) levels for group II. Although we found good correlation between two indicators of colonic fermentation, blood acetate and breath hydrogen, these values did not correlate well with carbon scavenging or fecal bacterial counts. It is possible that the way the colon handles the infusate—i.e., water absorption and/or secretion—may affect carbohydrate fermentation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Serum and Fecal Acetate Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Lifschitz,

Carrazza,

Feste

et al. 1995

J. pediatr. gastroenterol. nutr.

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“…However, we did not collect the circulating blood and thus we could not measure the SCFA levels in the circulating blood. However, it has been previously reported that circulating SCFA levels in mice are increased by the ingestion of a high fiber diet [39] and that the SCFA concentration in the portal vein is positively correlated with SCFA levels in the circulating blood [52]. Hence, the measurement of SCFA levels in the portal vein can be used instead of the levels in the circulating blood.…”

Section: Differences Between Regulatory Mechanisms Of Pigr Expressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Faster Short-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Cecum Following Polydextrose Ingestion Increases the Salivary Immunoglobulin A Flow Rate in Rats

et al. 2020

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Salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) plays a vital role in preventing upper respiratory tract infections (URTI). In our previous study, we showed that the intake of carbohydrates increases the intestinal levels of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), which in turn increase salivary IgA levels. However, the mechanism underlying this phenomenon has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we investigated in rats the effect of polydextrose (PDX) ingestion on salivary IgA level and SCFA concentration in cecal digesta and the portal vein. Five-week-old rats were fed with a fiber-free diet (control) or with 40 g/kg of PDX for 28 days. Compared to the control, ingestion of PDX led to a higher salivary IgA flow rate (p = 0.0013) and a higher concentration of SCFAs in the portal vein (p = 0.004). These two data were positively correlated (rs = 0.88, p = 0.0002, n = 12). In contrast, the concentration of SCFAs in cecal digesta and cecal digesta viscosity were significantly lower following PDX ingestion, compared to the control (p = 0.008 and 0.05, respectively). These findings suggest that the ingestion of PDX increases the absorption rate of SCFAs in the intestine through PDX-induced fermentation, which is accompanied by an increase in SCFA levels in the blood, and ultimately leads to increased salivary IgA levels.

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“…In the subcutaneously injected group, the amount of [1,2-13 C]acetate was small in plasma, and undetectable in the cortex. This was probably due to a combination of slower uptake and peripheral [1,2-13 C]acetate consumption [37,38].…”

Section: Pyruvate Recycling In Rat Brainmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and ex vivo <sup>13</sup>C-NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Pyruvate Recycling in Brain

Håberg

Qu²,

Bakken³

et al. 1998

Dev Neurosci

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Pyruvate recycling is a well established pathway in the liver, but in the brain, the cellular localization of pyruvate recycling remains controversial and its physiological significance is unknown. In cultured cortical astrocytes, pyruvate formed from [U-¹³C]glutamate was shown to re-enter the TCA cycle after conversion to acetyl-CoA, as demonstrated by the labelling patterns in aspartate C-2 and C-3, lactate C-2, and glutamate C-4, which provides evidence for pyruvate recycling in astrocytes. This finding is in agreement with previous studies of astrocytic cultures, in which pyruvate recycling has been described from [U-¹³C]glutamine, in the presence of glutamate, and from [U-¹³C]aspartate. Pyruvate recycling in brain was studied in fasted rats receiving either an intraperitoneal or a subcutaneous injection of [1,2-¹³C]acetate followed by decapitation 30 min later. Extracts of cortical tissue were analysed with ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy and total amounts of amino acids quantified by HPLC. Plasma extracts were analysed with ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectroscopy, and showed a significantly larger amount of [1,2-¹³C]acetate in the intraperitoneal group compared to the subcutaneous group. Furthermore, a small amount of label was detected in glucose in both groups. In the subcutaneously injected rats, [4-¹³C]glutamate and [2-¹³C]GABA were less enriched than plasma glucose, which might have been the precursor. In the intraperitoneally injected rats, however, pyruvate formation from [1,2-¹³C]acetate, and re-entry of this pyruvate into the TCA cycle was demonstrated by the presence of greater ¹³C enrichment in [4-¹³C]glutamate and [4-¹³C]glutamine compared to the subcutaneous group, probably resulting from the significantly higher [1,2-¹³C]acetate concentration in brain and plasma.

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Colonic Acetate in the Circulating Acetate Pool of the Infant Pig

Cited by 7 publications

References 16 publications

In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

In Vivo Study of Colonic Fermentation of Carbohydrate in Infants

Faster Short-Chain Fatty Acid Absorption from the Cecum Following Polydextrose Ingestion Increases the Salivary Immunoglobulin A Flow Rate in Rats

In vitro and ex vivo <sup>13</sup>C-NMR Spectroscopy Studies of Pyruvate Recycling in Brain

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