Plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein domains physically associate with enhanced disease susceptibility1 family proteins in immune signaling

Chen, Jian; Zhang, Xiaoxiao; Bernoux, Maud; Rathjen, John P.; Dodds, Peter N.

doi:10.1016/j.isci.2024.108817

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

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“…Structural analysis of EDS1/PAD4 and EDS1-SAG101 heterodimers after TIR-NLR signaling activation showed that they each detect different small molecules produced by TIR enzymatic activity: 2ʹ-(5ʹʹ-phosphoribosyl)-5ʹ-adenosine mono- or di-phosphate (pRib-AMP/ADP) in the case of EDS1/PAD4 and ADP-ribosylated ATP or ADP-ribosylated ADP ribose (ADPr-ATP/di-ADPR) for EDS1/SAG101 ( Huang et al 2022 ; Jia et al 2022 ). Direct interaction of TIR domains with EDS1 complexes may facilitate efficient transfer of these short half-life metabolites ( Chen et al 2024 ). Binding of these TIR-derived molecules allosterically promotes interaction of EDS1/PAD4 and EDS1/SAG101 heterodimers with ADR1 or NRG1, respectively ( Sun et al 2021 ; Huang et al 2022 ; Jia et al 2022 ).…”

Section: The Eds1 Pathway Connects Tir-nlrs To Cc-nlr Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

Dodds,

Chen,

Outram

2024

The Plant Cell

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Plant diseases are a constant and serious threat to agriculture and ecological biodiversity. Plants possess a sophisticated innate immunity system capable of detecting and responding to pathogen infection to prevent disease. Our understanding of this system has grown enormously over the past century. Early genetic descriptions of plant disease resistance and pathogen virulence were embodied in the gene-for-gene hypothesis, while physiological studies identified pathogen-derived elicitors that could trigger defense responses in plant cells and tissues. Molecular studies of these phenomena have now coalesced into an integrated model of plant immunity involving cell surface and intracellular detection of specific pathogen-derived molecules and proteins culminating in the induction of various cellular responses. Extracellular and intracellular receptors engage distinct signaling processes but converge on many similar outputs with substantial evidence now for integration of these pathways into interdependent networks controlling disease outcomes. Many of the molecular details of pathogen recognition and signaling processes are now known, providing opportunities for bioengineering to enhance plant protection from disease. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main principles of plant immunity, with an emphasis on the key scientific milestones leading to these insights.

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Section: The Eds1 Pathway Connects Tir-nlrs To Cc-nlr Outputsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

Dodds,

Chen,

Outram

2024

The Plant Cell

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A helper NLR targets organellar membranes to trigger immunity

Ibrahim,

Yuen,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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In plants, NLR (nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat) proteins execute innate immunity through the formation of resistosomes that accumulate at the plasma membrane. However, the extent to which NLR resistosomes target other cellular membranes is unknown. Here, we show that the helper NLR NRG1 engages with multiple organellar membranes to trigger innate immunity. Compared to other helper NLRs, NRG1 and closely related RPW8-like NLRs (CCR-NLRs) possess extended N-termini with distinctive sequence signatures, enabling their assembly into longer structures than canonical coiled coil NLR (CC-NLR) resistosomes. Activated NRG1 associates with single- and double-membrane organelles via its N-terminal RPW8-like domain. Our findings reveal that plant NLR resistosomes accumulate at a variety of cellular membrane sites to activate immunity.

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A simple and efficient method for betalain quantification in RUBY-expressing plant samples

Pramanik,

Lee,

Wang

2024

Front. Plant Sci.

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The RUBY reporter system has demonstrated great potential as a visible marker to monitor gene expression in both transiently and stably transformed plant tissues. Ectopic expression of the RUBY reporter leads to bright red pigmentation in plant tissues that do not naturally accumulate betalain. Unlike traditional visual markers such as β-glucuronidase (GUS), luciferase (LUC), and various fluorescent proteins, the RUBY reporter system does not require sample sacrifice or special equipment for visualizing the gene expression. However, a robust quantitative analysis method for betalain content has been lacking, limiting accurate comparative analyses. In this work, we present a simple and rapid protocol for quantitative evaluation of RUBY expression in transgenic plant tissues. Using this method, we demonstrate that differential RUBY expression can be quantified in transiently transformed leaf tissues, such as agroinfiltrated Nicotiana benthamiana leaves, and in stable transgenic maize tissues, including seeds, leaves, and roots. We found that grinding fresh tissues with a hand grinder and plastic pestle, without the use of liquid nitrogen, is an effective method for rapid betalain extraction. Betalain contents estimated by spectrophotometric and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analyses were highly consistent, validating that our rapid betalain extraction and quantification method is suitable for comparative analysis. In addition, betalain content was strongly correlated with RUBY expression level in agroinfiltrated N. benthamiana leaves, suggesting that our method can be useful for monitoring transient transformation efficiency in plants. Using our rapid protocol, we quantified varying levels of betalain pigment in N. benthamiana leaves, ranging from 110 to 1066 mg/kg of tissue, and in maize samples, ranging from 15.3 to 1028.7 mg/kg of tissue. This method is expected to streamline comparative studies in plants, providing valuable insights into the effectiveness of various promoters, enhancers, or other regulatory elements used in transgenic constructs.

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Plant Toll/interleukin-1 receptor/resistance protein domains physically associate with enhanced disease susceptibility1 family proteins in immune signaling

Cited by 4 publications

References 56 publications

Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

Pathogen perception and signaling in plant immunity

A helper NLR targets organellar membranes to trigger immunity

A simple and efficient method for betalain quantification in RUBY-expressing plant samples

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