Plant tissue cultures from four Tuscan globe artichoke cultivars

Abstract

The aim of the study was to examine the possibility of propagating in vitro four of the most common cultivars in Tuscany (central Italy): Terom, Violetto di Toscana, Chiusure and Empolese. The first three belong to the “Violetti” group, while cv Empolese belongs to the “Romaneschi” group. Explants were cultured on an induction medium (IM), which is a modified MS medium consisting of nitrate concentrations reduced by one quarter, 0.8 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) and 0.2 mg L−1 3-indole butyric acid (IBA). Explants were then transferred to a proliferation medium (PM) consisting of the same basal medium together with 0.03 mg L−1 BA and 0.05 mg L−1 gibberellic acid (GA3). A rooting double-phase was then established. The pre-rooting medium (PRM), consisting of a basal MS medium with half strength nitrate concentrations, 0.5 mg L−1 indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1 mg L−1 paclobutrazol (PBZ) was used for two weeks. Over the next four weeks, a rooting medium (MR) was used, consisting of a basal MS medium with 2 mg L−1 β-cyclodextrin and 2 mg L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid sodium salt (NAA). The cv Empolese provided the highest number of proliferated explants and rooted plantlets using the method described.

Effects of Various Growth Regulators on in Vitro Rooting of Globe Artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

“…Because the root induction in vitro in artichoke is the critical stage, several investigations have been conducted on different cultivars and different growth regulators, such as indoleacetic acid (IAA), naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), gibberellin (GA 3 ) in combination with/without activated charcoal (AC) [1][2][3][4][5][6]. According to previous researches, the success in root induction stage depends on genotype [7][8][9], and genotype specific protocols should be determined. López-Pérez and Martínez [9] reported that the in vitro rooting was still the main subject to investigate especially in early artichoke cultivars mainly grown the Mediterranean region.…”

Biodiversity and medicinal uses of globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) plant

“…In this respect, Ancora et al (1981) and Morone-Fortunato et al (2005) developed in vitro techniques for micropropgation and short term conservation of Romanesco globe artichoke. Bedini et al (2012) optimized in vitro cultures of four Tuscan globe artichoke cultivars i.e., Terom, Violetto di Toscana, Chiusure and Empolese. Moreover, in vitro med-term storage of globe artichoke cv.…”

Micropropagation of clonal lines of thorny artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.)

“…In the initiation stage, Olivera (2000) managed to regenerate thornless artichoke microplants of 3-4 cm height with 4-5 leaves after 10 weeks from meristems introduced in vitro in the MS medium supplemented with BAP 0.2 ppm and ANA 0.5 ppm. Bedini, Lucchesini, Bertozzi and Graifenberg (2012) in his study used an induction medium containing MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) with concentrations of ¼ KNO 3 and ¼ NH 4 NO 3 added with BA 0.8 mg l −1 and IBA 0.2 mg l −1 for the initiation stage; initially, the containers were placed in darkness and then in the light for 3 weeks.…”

“…Elia, Conversa, Montervino, and Lotti (2007) obtained better multiplication results using the MS medium (Murashige & Skoog, 1962) supplemented with AIA 5.4 μM + 2iP 4.9 μM + KIN 2.3 μM + BAP 0.4 μM with a cytokinin/auxin ratio of 1: 4-obtained 4.5 shoots/explant with an average shoot length of 41.9 mm. In a study by Bedini et al (2012), the same culture medium was used as in the initial phase by modifying the content of plant regulators adding BAP 0.03 mg l −1 and GA3 0.05 mg l −1 in 25 ml containers during the first three subcultures obtaining 4.4 shoots per explant in the cv. Empolese.…”