Plant Phenology Observation Networks

Hopp, R. J.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-51863-8_3

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…In 1942, the Spanish Instituto Nacional de Meteorología (INM) created a phenological network in Spain to gather information about plant and animal phenology similar to other countries (Hopp, 1974). This network relies on volunteer observers that record several plant and animal phenological events (e.g.…”

Section: Plant Phenological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Among all of these biological responses to climate change, alterations in phenology are one of the most commonly reported. Phenology is an ancient discipline (Hopp, 1974;Hameed & Gong, 1994;Sparks & Carey, 1995) that has received much attention in recent decades due to the ability of life cycles of most organisms to shift in response to climatic fluctuations. The sensitivity of the timing of biological events to climatic fluctuations has been well known for some time (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long‐term temporal changes of plant phenology in the Western Mediterranean

Gordo

Sanz

2009

Global Change Biology

184

140

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Plants are altering their life cycles in response to current climatic change around the globe. More than 200 000 records for six phenological events (leaf unfolding, flowering, fruit ripening, fruit harvesting, leaf falling and growing season) of 29 perennial species for the period 1943-2003 recorded throughout Spain provide the longest temporal and the broadest spatial assessment of plant phenology changes in the Mediterranean region. The overwhelming majority of the 118 studied phenophases shifted their dates in recent decades. Such changes differed among phenological events. Leaf unfolding, flowering and fruiting are markedly advancing (À0.48, À0.59 and À0.32 days yr À1 , respectively), but only since the mid-1970s. Anemophilous have advanced more days their flowering than entomophilous. However, some species have delayed and others have advanced their leaf falling dates and as a result only a weak shift was observed in this event for the whole of the studied species ( 1 0.12 days yr À1 ). The growing season lengthened by 18 days, which implies an increase of 8% in the life of annual leaves. Such an increase was achieved mainly through the advance of leaf unfolding dates in the spring, one of the most productive times of year for vegetation in the Mediterranean. Shifts in the plant calendar were accompanied as well by long-term changes in the range of onset dates in 39% of studied phenophases. Leaf unfolding, flowering and growing season tended to reduce spatial variability, reflecting a faster and more synchronized onset (or duration) of phenophases across the study area. Changes in spatial variability may aggravate calendar mismatching with other trophic levels resulting from changes in dates. Because temporal responses differed markedly among species, calendar guilds of plants have changed, which suggests alterations of interspecific relationships in plant communities from Mediterranean ecosystems.

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Section: Plant Phenological Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long‐term temporal changes of plant phenology in the Western Mediterranean

Gordo

Sanz

2009

Global Change Biology

184

140

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“…A comprehensive spring index should include components reflecting plant phenology and the various meteorological measures associated with the onset of spring (Schwartz & Marotz 1988). The phenology component might define (by calendar date) an easily identifiable plant change in terms of the sequence of weather events leading up to its occurrence (Hopkins 1938, Hopp et al 1969, Lieth & Radford 1971, Hopp 1974, Schwartz 1985. This could be accomplished by incorporating daily weather data from mid-winter through spring into a predictive model which produces a timetable for plant phenology (Schwartz 1985).…”

Section: Literature Review Index Componentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While these chosen plants will not represent all species in an area, they do provide a standard reference that can be compared among differ-ent climate stations and years (Caprio 1974, Hopp & Vittum 1977, Santer 1985). An appropriate indicator will have a broad distributional range, relatively good insect and disease resistance, phenological stages that are easy to observe, cold hardiness, resistance to heat and drought, and adaptability to a variety of soil types (Hopp et al 1969, Hopp 1974. Several United States Department of Agr~culture regional phenology projects have used hardy shrub clones with all the above attributes (Syringa chinensis 'Red Rothomagensis' lilac, and the Lonicera tatarica 'Arnold Red' and L. korolkowii 'Zabeli' varieties of honeysuckle).…”

Section: Index Developmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…O Inter-Research/Printed in F. R. Germany Assessing the effects of climate variations on the onset of spnng would be facilitated by a simple method which combines all aspects of the phenomenon. Such a 'spring index' should include components reflecting both the changes in weather events, and plant physiology (phenology) usually identified with mid-latitude spring over synoptic-scale (1000 X 1000 km) regions (Lieth & Radford 1971, Hopp 1974, Schwartz & Marotz 1986. Schwartz & Marotz (1988) developed models of lilac first leaf, based in part on the passage of key synoptic weather systems, which can serve as an approach to measuring the phenology and synoptic meteorological aspects of spring's onset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detecting the onset of spring: a possible application of phenological models

Schwartz¹

1990

Clim. Res.

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The onset of the spring season is a phenomenon associated with systematic changes in the land surface-atmosphere interface, which will likely b e modified by climate change. A measure of this complex feature, or 'spring index', should reflect the variations in both weather events and plant physiology usually identified with mid-latitude spring. In this study, variables representing plant phenology, synoptlc weather system frequency, surface temperature-thickness relationship 'breaks' (difference between surface maximum temperature and thickness-derived layer mean temperature), and last freeze date (0°C or lower) are compared and examined as components of a comprehensive measure of the onset of spnng. Two small networks of stations in the eastern and central United States are used as test data over the period 1961 to 1980. The phenology-synoptic weather component (P-SW), derived from regression-based models of first leaf emergence, has the strongest relationship l a t h other measures, and can be produced from generally available surface data. This component is proposed as a first approximation of a comprehensive spring index, suitable for analyzing the impact of past and future climate changes on the onset of spring.

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Spring phenology of trees and frost avoidance*

Cannell¹

1997

Weather

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Plant Phenology Observation Networks

Cited by 24 publications

References 6 publications

Long‐term temporal changes of plant phenology in the Western Mediterranean

Long‐term temporal changes of plant phenology in the Western Mediterranean

Detecting the onset of spring: a possible application of phenological models

Spring phenology of trees and frost avoidance*

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