Plant Hormone Metabolome and Transcriptome Analysis of Dwarf and Wild-type Banana

Abstract

Gibberellin (GA), auxin (IAA) and brassinosteroid (BR) are indispensable in the process of plant growth and development. Currently, research on the regulatory mechanism of phytohormones in banana dwarfism is mainly focused on GA, and few studies are focused on IAA and BR. In this study, we measured the contents of endogenous GA, IAA and BR and compared the transcriptomes of wild-type Williams banana and its dwarf mutant across five successive growth periods. We investigated the relationship between hormones and banana dwarfism and explored differential gene expression through transcriptome analysis, thus revealing the possible metabolic regulatory mechanism. We inferred a complex regulatory network of banana dwarfing. In terms of endogenous hormone levels, GA and IAA had significant effects on banana dwarfing, while BR had little effect. The key gene in GA biosynthesis of is GA2ox, and the key genes in IAA biosynthesis are TDC and YUCCA. The differential expression of these genes might be the main factor affecting hormone levels and plant height. In terms of hormone signal transduction, DELLA and AUX/IAA repressor proteins were the core regulators of GA and IAA, respectively. They inhibited the process of signal transduction and had feedback regulation on hormone levels. Finally, the transporter protein PIN, AUX1/LAX protein family and ABCB subfamily played supplementary roles in the transport of IAA. These results provide new insights into GA and IAA regulation of banana growth and a reliable foundation for the improvement of dwarf varieties.

Comparative transcriptome analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify core in Musa acuminata sub-varieties infected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense TR4

“…Another protein, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases (GAPDH) was also found in many plants' metabolic pathways of glycolysis that generates intermediate products for the primary metabolites such as amino acids (AAs) and fatty acids (FAs) (Schneider et al 2018;Zeng et al 2018;Wei et al 2022). The second largest protein involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathways, three proteins were positively expressed out of 31 proteins, and similar results were found by (Zhang et al 2020;Deng et al 2022) in the same fungal affected Brazilian and Aifen No. 1 cultivars.…”

In vitro Induction and Phenotypic Variations of Autotetraploid Garlic (Allium sativum L.) With Dwarfism

“…The IAA and ABA contents were significantly higher in tetraploid dwarf garlic. The significantly higher IAA was found in the dwarf bananas which likely regulated GA biosynthesis by negative feedback ( Deng et al, 2021 ). IAA was also found to induce the overexpression of OsIAA1 gene (member of Aux/IAA and auxin response factor), leading to shorter plant and loose architecture distinctively in rice ( Song et al, 2009 ).…”

Targeted Metabolic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Pinus yunnanensis var. pygmaea with Loss of Apical Dominance

“…For instance, GA, BR, auxin and SLs control plant height through regulating cell elongation and cell [ 27 ]. GA and IAA have significant effects on banana dwarfing [ 28 ]. In other dwarf pine species, endogenous phytohormones are associated with dwarf formation.…”

“…GA2ox were only up-regulated in dwarf cultivar litchi samples, indicating GA might play an important role in regulating difference between vigorous and dwarf cultivars [ 46 ]. GA2ox for GA and tryptophan decarboxylase ( TDC ) and YUCCA for IAA were the most associated with plant height in banana [ 28 ]. In Chimonanthus praecox , transcriptome differential gene analysis showed that the elevated expression of the CpGA2ox and CpGAI gene in the signal transduction pathway might be the key mechanisms leading to dwarfing [ 47 ].…”