Plant growth regulators and virus infection: A critical review

Abstract

Virus infection can severely inhibit plant growth and distort development . This article reviews changes in plant growth regulator metabolism caused by infection . In general, virus infection decreases auxin and gibberellin concentrations and increases abscisic acid concentration . Ethylene production is stimulated in necrotic or chlorotic reactions to infection, but not where the virus spreads systemically without necrosis . While these broad trends are true for most host-virus combinations studied, several situations are recorded where the virus had other effects on growth substance concentration . Cytokinin changes do not show any common pattern : both increases and decreases after infection have been reported .The extent to which virus-induced changes in growth substance concentration could be responsible for observed alterations in host growth and development is discussed . While changes in abscisic acid, gibberellin and ethylene production seem potentially important, the experimental evidence does not provide conclusive proof for control of growth by these changes .The numerous investigations of effects of exogenous regulators on virus multiplication and pathogenesis are reviewed . Different regulators, or the same regulator applied at different times or concentrations, had very diverse effects, and in some cases did significantly alter virus multiplication and pathogenesis . However, such studies seem to have yielded disappointingly little understanding of the biochemistry of the host-virus interaction, and the possible involvement of growth substances in this .Possible uses of plant growth regulators in chemotherapy of virus disease, and their possible involvement in natural or induced resistance mechanisms are discussed .

The Level of Abutilon Mosaic Geminivirus in Leaf Discs and Wound Callus

“…The interactions of plant viruses and phytohormones have been extensively analysed in the past (for a critical review see: FRASER and WENHAM 1982), Both enhancement and decrease of virus multiplication has been observed after exogenous cytokinin application. Moreover, virus infection can influence the level of endogenous cytokinin and of other phytohormones (for review see: FRASER 1987). In our study we found an optimum effect on virus elimination with those physiological concentrations of BAP which best promoted callus growth.…”

Comparative transcriptome analysis in Triticum aestivum infecting wheat dwarf virus reveals the effects of viral infection on phytohormone and photosynthesis metabolism pathways

“…Plant hormone-regulated systems are also involved in the defense against viral infections (Sanchez et al 2010;Alazem and Lin 2015). The complex interactions between plants and viruses often lead to the appearance of symptoms such as stunting of growth, yellowing and mottling on leaves (Fraser and Whenham 1982). To some extent, symptoms caused by a viral infection may be simplistically attributed to the change in quantity of a certain plant hormone, and can be mimicked by application or removal of this plant hormone (Jameson and Clarke 2002).…”

Multiple hormone analysis indicates involvement of jasmonate signalling in the early defence of potato to potato virus Y^NTN

“…There is considerable evidence that these changes are controlled in part by virus-induced alterations in plant hormone metabolism (Fraser and Whenham 1982). The ability of viruses to perturb or interfere in signalling pathways involving phytohormones provides the opportunity for them to interfere with host gene expression and affect plant growth and development (Pompe-Novak et al 2006, reviewed in Whitham et al 2006.…”