Plant- and Animal-Based Antioxidants’ Structure, Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Applications: A Review

Abeyrathne, E.D.N.S.; Nam, Ki-Chang; Huang, Xi; Ahn, Dong Uk

doi:10.3390/antiox11051025

Cited by 67 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 117 publications

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“…Phytogenic feed additives have gained interest due to antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, and some compounds have been found with healing properties against a wide range of fish pathogens including bacteria and parasites [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Several plant species are recognised for these activities like sweet wormwood ( Artemisia annua ), peppermint ( Mentha piperita ), thyme ( Thymus vulgaris ), marjoram ( Origanum majorana ), oregano ( Origanum vulgare ), yarrow ( Achillea millefolium ), and hops ( Humulus lupulus ) [ 9 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxidation of lipids and proteins is the major mechanism of impaired quality of stored feed, and rosemary, oregano, and thyme are examples of herbs used in this context [ 13 ]. Plant-based antioxidants are mainly phenolic compounds, carotenoids, and vitamins [ 8 ], and due to their ubiquity and often high concentrations, herb phenolics are recognized as important antioxidants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Johny

Thomsen²,

Karlsen

et al. 2022

Molecules

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There is an increased interest in identifying beneficial compounds of plant origin that can be added to animal diets to improve animal performance and have a health-promoting effect. In the present study, nine herb species of the Norwegian wild flora or which can be cultivated in Norway were selected for phytogenic evaluation (hops, maral root, mint, oregano, purslane, rosemary, roseroot, sweet wormwood, yarrow). Dried herbs were sequentially extracted with dichloromethane (DCM), ethanol (EtOH) and finally water (H2O) by ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). The UAE protocol was found to be more rational than conventional Soxhlet with respect to DCM extraction. Total extraction yield was found to be highest for oregano (Origanum vulgare) with 34.4 g 100−1 g dry matter (DM). H2O-extracts gave the highest yields of the three solvents, with up to 25 g 100−1 g DM for purslane (Portulaca oleracea ssp. sativa) and mint (Mentha piperita). EtOH- and H2O-extracts were the most efficient extracts with respect to free radical scavenging capacity (ABTS (=2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), and oregano, mint, hops (Humulus lupulus) and maral root-leaves (Leuzea carthamoides) were found to be the most efficient antioxidant sources. Hops (EtOH-extract) contained α- and β-acids, xanthohumols, chlorogenic acid and the hitherto unreported 3-O-glucosides of kaempferol and quercetin. Maral root-leaves contained among other compounds hexosides of the 6-hydroxy- and 6-methoxy-kaempferol and -quercetin, whereas roseroot (Rosea rhodiola) revealed contents of rosavin, rhodiosin and rhodionin. Sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) contained chlorogenic acid and several derivatives thereof, scopoletin and poly-methylated flavones (eupatin, casticin, chrysoplenetin). Antimicrobial potential of different plant extracts was demonstrated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria using the indicator organisms Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, and the Atlantic salmon bacterial pathogens Moritella viscosa, Tenacibaculum finnmarkense and Aliivibrio wodanis. DCM extracts possessed the highest activities. Data demonstrate the potential ability of herb extracts as natural antimicrobials. However, future safety studies should be performed to elucidate any compromising effect on fish health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Johny

Thomsen²,

Karlsen

et al. 2022

Molecules

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“…Antioxidants can protect cells in a number of ways, including converting ROS into non-radical species, preventing ROS from initiating an auto-oxidative chain reaction, and reducing oxygen levels in cells [ 25 ]. Polyphenols, which exhibit a wide range of structural, functional and biological properties, are the most important plant antioxidants [ 26 ]. In the present study, the extracts were found to possess radical scavenging ability, demonstrated in both DPPH and ABTS assays (2.63–35.33 mg TE/g and 13.46–76.27 mg TE/g) ( Table 3 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which Extraction Solvents and Methods Are More Effective in Terms of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey?

et al. 2022

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The bioactive content, antioxidant properties, and enzyme inhibition properties of extracts of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey prepared with different solvents (water, methanol, ethyl acetate) and extraction methods (maceration, soxhlet, homogenizer assisted extraction, and ultrasound assisted extraction) were examined in this study. UHPLC-HRMS analysis detected or annotated a total of 50 compounds in A. fasciculiflora extracts, including 18 hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, 7 Hexaric acids, 7 Coumarins, 15 Flavonoids, and 3 hydroxycinnamic acid amides. The extracts had phenolic and flavonoid levels ranging from 14.25 to 24.87 mg GAE/g and 1.68 to 25.26 mg RE/g, respectively, in the analysis. Both DPPH and ABTS tests revealed radical scavenging capabilities (between 2.63 and 35.33 mg TE/g and between 13.46 and 76.27 mg TE/g, respectively). The extracts had reducing properties (CUPRAC: 40.38–78 TE/g and FRAP: 17.51–42.58 TE/g). The extracts showed metal chelating activity (18.28–46.71 mg EDTAE/g) as well as total antioxidant capacity (phosphomolybdenum test) (0.90–2.12 mmol TE/g). DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and metal chelating tests indicated the water extracts to be the best antioxidants, while the ethyl acetate extracts had the highest overall antioxidant capacity regardless of the extraction technique. Furthermore, anti-acetylcholinesterase activity was identified in all extracts (0.17–2.80 mg GALAE/g). The water extracts and the ultrasound-assisted ethyl acetate extract were inert against butyrylcholinesterase, but the other extracts showed anti-butyrylcholinesterase activity (1.17–5.80 mg GALAE/g). Tyrosine inhibitory action was identified in all extracts (1.79–58.93 mg KAE/g), with the most effective methanolic extracts. Only the ethyl acetate and methanolic extracts produced by maceration and homogenizer aided extraction showed glucosidase inhibition (0.11–1.11 mmol ACAE/g). These findings showed the overall bioactivity of the different extracts of A. fasciculiflora and provided an overview of the combination of solvent type and extraction method that could yield bioactive profile and pharmacological properties of interest and hence, could be a useful reference for future studies on this species.

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“…Further optimization of the PHWE conditions is needed. The antioxidant activities of phenolic compounds are widely known [ 56 , 61 , 62 ], implying a solid molecular basis for the considerable antioxidant capacity of PHWE extracts from Bambusa chungii culms.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Bambusa chungii Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

et al. 2022

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A large amount of waste from Bambusa chungii culms is generated from the bamboo pulping industry, causing disposal problems. Nevertheless, bamboo culms are a suitable source of functional ingredients, such as antioxidant compounds. However, because of the high compactness and tightness in their material structure, obtaining phytochemicals from bamboo culms using conventional organic solvent extraction methods can be inefficient. In this research, we developed a pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) method to recover 19 target phenolic compounds from Bambusa chungii culms. The extracted compounds were determined by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight–mass spectrometry (UPLC–QTOF–MS). The antioxidant potential of the extracts was evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. We investigated the effects of temperature, extraction time, and the material-to-liquid ratio on PHWE, and these parameters were optimized with a Box–Behnken design experiment and response surface tool. The optimal extraction condition was found at 170 °C, with a 1:30 g/mL material-to-liquid ratio and a 14 min extraction time. Following these optimal parameters, the total yield of target phenolic compounds (TYPC) reached 3.85 mg/g of raw material, and the half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) for the DPPH and ABTS tests were 94.7 mg/L and 21.88 mg/L, respectively. The FRAP value was 1.23 μmol FSE/mg of dried extract. A strong correlation between TYPC and the antioxidant activity of the extract was confirmed. The TYPC and antioxidant capacity of the optimal PHWE extract of the Bambusa chungii culms were both considerably higher than those of extracts obtained from conventional solvent extractions. These results indicated that PHWE is an excellent green technique for recovering phenolic compounds from bamboo culms, and the PHWE extracts of Bambusa chungii culms may be a good source of natural antioxidants.

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Plant- and Animal-Based Antioxidants’ Structure, Efficacy, Mechanisms, and Applications: A Review

Cited by 67 publications

References 117 publications

Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Chemical Profiling and Biological Activity of Extracts from Nine Norwegian Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Which Extraction Solvents and Methods Are More Effective in Terms of Chemical Composition and Biological Activity of Alcea fasciculiflora from Turkey?

High-Yield Recovery of Antioxidant Compounds from Bambusa chungii Culms Using Pressurized Hot Water Extraction

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