1973
DOI: 10.1016/0305-9006(73)90004-4
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Planning and the Innovation Process

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Cited by 8 publications
(5 citation statements)
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“…On average, employees enter a new organization every four years, which each time requires them to adapt to the new situation. Organizations undergo a major restructuring, such as changing from a functional structure to a divisional structure once every three to five years (Jefferson, ). Furthermore, lifelong learning is required for almost every job, and the apprenticeship under investigation in the present study is chosen by 36 percent as qualification in Germany (Statista, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…On average, employees enter a new organization every four years, which each time requires them to adapt to the new situation. Organizations undergo a major restructuring, such as changing from a functional structure to a divisional structure once every three to five years (Jefferson, ). Furthermore, lifelong learning is required for almost every job, and the apprenticeship under investigation in the present study is chosen by 36 percent as qualification in Germany (Statista, ).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Friedmann, having surveyed the planning theory landscape, argued that the concept of innovation is essential to planning, both in theory and in practice. Some other planning theorists also actively use the terms "innovation" and "innovative planning" for some years to come (Ackoff 1970;And and Heskin 1973;Etzioni 1967;Jefferson 1973;Nambiar 1976;Kulinski 1970). Innovation, however, largely disappears from the discussion of planning theory for the next thirty years, with Friedmann as one of the few exceptions.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…He continued to contribute over the next three decades (Friedmann 1966(Friedmann , 1967(Friedmann , 1969a(Friedmann , 1969b(Friedmann , 1973(Friedmann , 1987(Friedmann , 1993(Friedmann , 1994(Friedmann , 2004Rosenbloom 2018). Other planning theorists soon joined the discussion (Ackoff 1970;And and Heskin 1973;Jefferson 1973;Nambiar 1976;Kulinski 1970). In 1968, the Journal of the American Institute of Planners published a special issue, "Social Change: The Planner and Innovation" (p. 273).…”
Section: Planning Theory and Innovation?mentioning
confidence: 99%
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“…Jefferson's (1973) planning organizations are not very complex (mean size of 53 persons) nor do they operate in highly mobilized environments (Elkin, 1974b). The hypotheses presented above suggest then that a performance process should be at work and again our expectations are confirmed.…”
Section: Sources Of Variationmentioning
confidence: 99%