“…Due to its importance, numerous studies were conducted in Kazakhstan, but most of them concerned mountain regions located in the south and south-east of the country (Ziyadin and Takhtaeva, 2014;Aliyeva et al, 2019;Chernova and Sukhova, 2017;Chlachula, 2019;Kalugin et al, 2019). However, according to the government's decision, tourism is to constitute a rapidly growing sector of the economy, both at the national and regional level (Zhidkoblinova, 2013;Abubakirova et al, 2016;Tulbayeva et al, 2017), as well as with cross-border tourism, which plays an increasingly important role in the tourism services sector (Dunets et al, 2019;Więckowski and Saarinen, 2019;Cerić and Więckowski, 2020).…”