Transport Accessibility of the Lake Ecosystems in the North Kazakhstan Region as a Factor of Tourism Development

Abstract

The conducted research is aimed at assessing the current state of the tourist and recreational potential of the lake system in the region of North Kazakhstan (Kazakhstan). The research included the relationship between the distribution and natural diversity of reservoirs and landscapes and the density of the transport network of the studied region in the administrative division of the region. The aim of the research undertaken is to indicate the spatial differentiation of the conditions for the development of tourism in relation to the degree of lake density and transport accessibility. The quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the lakes in terms of spatial diversity and transport accessibility in the region were presented. The analysis of the natural and recreational potential, with the use of statistical methods, satellite images, comparative analysis and field studies, made it possible to identify lake ecosystems that are already used or recommended for use as objects in tourism, as well as in the national economy. The analysis of the road network allows to conclude that its density, despite the higher indicators than the national average, does not fully allow the use of the region's tourist potential and may constitute a barrier to its development.

Political and Historical Determinants of the Differentiation of Entrepreneurial Ecosystems of Agritourism in Poland and Kazakhstan

“…According to the classical definition of tourism, transport accessibility is crucial in its case. The regions' public road network density was assessed as a primary network for car transport, which dominates in agritourism in the analysed regions [48,49]. For assessing the degree of development of the transport network, a basic indicator of the density of the public road network was selected, allowing the assessment of the density of the road network of each region in comparison to Poland or Kazakhstan.…”

“…The area is largely covered with woods (numerous forests and birches), which provides opportunities for recreation and occasional (also commercial) collection of berries, mushrooms, and medicinal plants. The region in question is characterised by an extremely high level of landscape attractiveness and unique landscapes, the recreational potential of which already has a rich literature [49,[75][76][77][78]. The combination of landscape qualities, geosites, and historical and cultural values create attractive conditions for the development of ecotourism, enjoying undoubted interest of tourists, as exemplified by the Shalkar-Imantau resort.…”

Assessment and Zoning of Recreational Facilities North Kazakhstan Region for the Development of the Tourism Industry

“…Third, it allows for the reconstruction of significant historical, cultural and architectural monuments of particular importance for national history, where environmental objects act as an integral part of it (Tiberghien et al, 2017;Tiberghien and Xie, 2018;Tiberghien, 2019). Thus, the uniqueness of natural objects and the historical and cultural heritage of the territory of the North Kazakhstan region is the basis for the development of recreational potential, for the formation of the tourism industry in the regional and local level (Fomin et al, 2020;Morar et al, 2020;Dmitriyev et al, 2021). Numerous studies are devoted to the study of recreational facilities of the North Kazakhstan region and the city of Petropavlovsk.…”

“…The development of ecological tourism based on natural and recreational facilities will allow, while maintaining a healthy ecological environment, to develop the economic potential of the region (Tiberghien, 2019;Dmitriyev et al, 2021). A systematic study of recreational facilities will allow us to study the dynamics under the influence of an anthropogenic factor.…”

“…For all regions, including Northern Kazakhstan, it is very important to solve a number of tasks when studying recreational facilities. Among them, the study of the current state, spatial placement, transport accessibility, classification and zoning (Page, 2004;Michniak et al, 2015;Chernova and Sukhova, 2017;Stoica et al, 2017;Dmitriyev et al, 2021). An integral part is the study of the possibility of their use for various purposestourism, excursions, scientific research, economics, etc.…”