Pioglitazone

Abstract

Pioglitazone is an antihyperglycaemic agent that, in the presence of insulin resistance, increases hepatic and peripheral insulin sensitivity, thereby inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis and increasing peripheral and splanchnic glucose uptake. Pioglitazone is generally well tolerated, weight gain and oedema are the most common emergent adverse events, and there are no known drug interactions between pioglitazone and other drugs. In clinical trials in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, pioglitazone as monotherapy, or in combination with metformin, repaglinide, insulin or a sulphonylurea, induced both long- and short-term improvements in glycaemic control and serum lipid profiles. Pioglitazone was also effective in reducing some measures of cardiovascular risk and arteriosclerosis. Pioglitazone thus offers an effective treatment option for the management of patients with type 2 diabetes.

Metabolic Dysfunction in Alzheimers Disease and Related Neurodegenerative Disorders

“…Two PPARγ agonists, pioglitazone and rosiglitazone, are currently widely prescribed for the treatment of type 2 DM. PPARγ agonists improve both lipid and glucose metabolism, mainly by increasing peripheral insulin sensitivity, which ameliorates the metabolic dysfunction brought on by the diabetic pathophysiology [55]. There is increasing evidence demonstrating the efficacy of PPARγ agonists for the treatment of AD.…”

High-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of pioglitazone in human plasma using ultraviolet detection and its application to a pharmacokinetic study

“…1) is an oral anti-hyperglycemic agent that acts primarily by increasing insulin sensitivity in target tissues. It is used both as monotherapy and in combination with sulfonylurea or insulin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) [1][2][3]. Several liquid chromatography methods have been described in the literature to determine pioglitazone and its metabolites in biological fluids [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Extraction of trace amounts of pioglitazone as an anti-diabetic drug with hollow fiber liquid phase microextraction and determination by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection in biological fluids

“…It is used both as monotherapy and in combination with sulfonylurea or insulin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (non-insulindependent diabetes mellitus, NIDDM) [1][2][3]. Pharmacological studies indicate that PGL improves sensitivity to insulin in muscle and adipose tissues and inhibits hepatic gluconeogenesis.…”