Pinnotheres Ostreum, Parasitic on the American Oyster, Ostrea (Gryphaea) Virginica

Stauber, Leslie A.

doi:10.2307/1538315

Cited by 84 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…This points to high tolerance, but is nevertheless a very unusual behaviour for female individuals (Christensen & McDermott 1958). Pea crabs, especially species living in bivalves, are well adapted to low oxygen concentrations (Stauber 1945). Here, they also showed high tolerance to H 2 S. In general, marine species with a high tolerance toward oxygen deficiency also cope better with sulphidic conditions (Theede et al 1969).…”

Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 89%

Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Haselmair¹,

Stachowitsch²,

Zuschin³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Crustaceans are sensitive to hypoxia and are therefore useful indicator organisms for oxygen depletions. We used the experimental anoxia generating unit in the northern Adriatic Sea to artificially induce and document hypoxia and anoxia on a small scale (0.25 m 2 per deployment). Behavioural responses and mortalities were documented for 9 crustacean species typical for the sublittoral soft bottom of the Gulf of Trieste. All species showed a similar succession of atypical responses, albeit at different thresholds. The first reaction to declining dissolved oxygen (DO) was avoidance by climbing to more oxygenated (higher) positions. The animals left their shelters, altered their activity patterns, and exposed themselves to a higher risk of predation at mild hypoxia (2 to 1 ml l -1 DO). Moderate hypoxia (1 to 0.5 ml l -1 DO) triggered changes in inter-and intraspecific interactions, resulting in aggregations of up to 27 individuals at the highest elevations. At severe hypoxia (0.5 to 0.01 ml l -1 DO), sublethal responses such as discarding of camouflage (Ethusa mascarone) were recorded, and 54% of all crustaceans died. Anoxia left most remaining individuals immobile and moribund until death. Almost all responses were related to DO thresholds -hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) had not yet evolved. Pisidia longimana, Galathea spp., and Macropodia spp. were the most sensitive; Pilumnus spinifer and Ebalia tuberosa were the somewhat more tolerant species. Only Nepinnotheres pinnotheres survived prolonged anoxia as well as high H 2 S concentrations.

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Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 89%

Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Haselmair¹,

Stachowitsch²,

Zuschin³

et al. 2010

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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“…Moreover, it is not uncommon to encounter a crustacean guest parasitizing a bivalve host in nature. Although the association had regularly been considered commensalism, it was reported that the crab Zaops ostreus was parasitic on the American oyster Ostrea virginica (Stauber 1945). Likewise, the pea crab P. pisum is known to cause stress and lesions to its host bivalve, the common mussel Mytilus edulis (Bierbaum andFerson 1986, Haines et al 1994).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symbiotic relationship between the carapid fish <em>Onuxodon fowleri</em> (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) and the pearl oyster <em>Pinctada margaritifera</em> (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriidae)

et al. 2018

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Summary:At Makemo Atoll (French Polynesia), the carapid fish Onuxodon fowleri lives in symbiosis with the black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera. Although the symbiont seems to live inside its host bivalve by using it as a shelter, additional data are still needed to better understand the exact nature of this association. For this purpose, we implemented an approach using stable isotope ratios of carbon ( 13 C/ 12 C) and nitrogen ( 15 N/ 14 N). The δ 13 C and δ 15 N values were measured in tissues of the pearl oyster (gonads, gills, mantle and muscles), white muscle tissue from the fish and other food sources. This stable isotope approach was also complemented by the analysis of stomach contents in the carapid fish. Overall, the isotopic compositions measured in the present study support a commensal relationship between O. fowleri and P. margaritifera. In addition, our isotopic data bring new information about another guest living inside P. margaritifera, namely the palaemonid shrimp Conchodytes meleagrinae. Based on the δ 13 C and δ 15 N values, it appears that the shrimp might feed on the bivalve gonads.Keywords: symbiosis; stable isotopes, diet, pearl oyster, Carapidae.Relación simbiótica entre el pez carápido Onuxodon fowleri (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) y la ostra perlífera Pinctada margaritifera (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriidae) Resumen: En el atolón Makemo (Polinesia Francesa), el pez carápido Onuxodon fowleri vive en simbiosis con la ostra perlí-fera Pinctada margaritifera. Aunque el simbionte se aloja en el interior del bivalvo utilizándolo aparentemente como refugio, se necesitan datos adicionales para comprender mejor la naturaleza exacta de esta asociación. Para ello, hemos empleado las relaciones de los isótopos estables de carbono ( 13 C/ 12 C) y nitrógeno ( 15 N/ 14 N). Los valores de δ 13 C y δ 15 N fueron medidos en diferentes tejidos de la ostra perlífera (gónadas, branquias, manto y músculo), en el músculo blanco del pez y en otras fuentes de alimentación. El estudio de isótopos estables se complementa con el análisis del contenido estomacal del pez carápido. Globalmente, las composiciones isotópicas medidas en este estudio apoyan una relación de comensalismo entre O. fowleri y P. margaritifera. Además, nuestros datos isotópicos aportan información nueva sobre otro huésped que vive dentro de P. margaritifera, concretamente el camarón palaemónido Conchodytes meleagrinae. En base a los valores de δ 13 C y δ 15 N parece que el camarón podría alimentarse de las gónadas del bivalvo.Palabras clave: simbiosis; isótopos estables; dieta, ostra perlífera, Carapidae.

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“…Male N. novaezelandiae have been observed crushed by the shell rim of their mussel hosts (Jones 1977a). A study on the pea crab P. ostreum found that males were killed 13% of the time that they attempted to enter a bivalve host (Stauber 1945). Although our results indicated a 1:1 sex ratio for juvenile crabs, differential rates of mortality for mature male crabs resulting from mate searching could explain the heavily female-biased female:male adult sex ratio (~9:1) observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biological characteristics of parasitic Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae within a Perna canaliculus farm

Trottier¹,

Jeffs²

2012

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Pea crabs are commercially significant parasites in the aquaculture production of bivalves in many parts of the world. However, there is scant information available on the biology of these important parasites in aquaculture. The population structure, sex ratio, and breeding status were determined for the pea crab Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae residing in a typical greenlipped mussel Perna canaliculus farm in New Zealand. Of the 324 crabs randomly sampled, there were significantly more female (82.4%) than male (17.6%) crabs found. The vast majority of crabs (87.0%) were sexually mature and of these, females comprised 86.4% and males 13.6%. However, the sex ratio of immature crabs was relatively even, suggesting that male crabs may have higher mortality while searching for mates. Crab size was highly variable, indicating that recruitment to mussels in the farm was continuous. Carapace width ranged from 4.00 to 11.5 mm, with males tending to be smaller with a mean (± SE) carapace width of 6.31 ± 0.16 mm versus females with a carapace width of 8.03 ± 0.06 mm. The crabs did not show any preference for parasitizing mussels of different sexes. Despite the fact that the mussels were only 10 mo old, most female crabs were sexually mature (Stage V) and 89.3% were gravid. The mean (± SE) clutch size was 2592 ± 579 and clutch size was directly associated with female carapace width. The mussel farm pea crab population was estimated at 126 390 ± 14 144 individuals, including 93 000 gravid females carrying a total of over 241 million eggs. Overall, the results show that pea crabs rapidly colonize farmed mussels and mature quickly to establish a significant breeding population within the mussel farm, with larval output capable of infecting nearby mussel farms as well as wild populations of bivalves.KEY WORDS: Pea crab · Green-lipped mussel · Greenshell™ · Parasite · Mussel farm · Brachyura Resale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisherDis Aquat Org 101: 61-68, 2012 62 that pea crab infection was responsible for a loss in production across the nation's mussel aquaculture industry of US $2.16 million annually (Trottier et al. 2012).Infection levels in wild mussel populations by Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae vary widely and have been reported to range from 4 to 70% (Jones 1977a, Hickman 1978, Baxter 1981, Bierbaum & Ferson 1986). Within green-lipped mussel aquaculture an infection level of 5.3% has been reported, although higher levels are suggested to occur (Trottier et al. 2012).The life history of Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae has been partially described, with most larval stages inferred from related species (Bennett 1964, Jones 1977b, Wear & Fielder 1985. After hatching from eggs, the larval development begins with an unknown number of zoeal stages which are presumably followed by a megalopal stage that has never been observed (Wear & Fielder 1985). The first crab instar is thought to be the invasive stage and is followed by a series of soft carapace stages for both sexes (Jones 197...

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Pinnotheres Ostreum, Parasitic on the American Oyster, Ostrea (Gryphaea) Virginica

Cited by 84 publications

References 5 publications

Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Symbiotic relationship between the carapid fish <em>Onuxodon fowleri</em> (Ophidiiformes: Carapidae) and the pearl oyster <em>Pinctada margaritifera</em> (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pteriidae)

Biological characteristics of parasitic Nepinnotheres novaezelandiae within a Perna canaliculus farm

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