Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Haselmair, Alexandra; Stachowitsch, Michael; Zuschin, Martin; Riedel, Bettina

doi:10.3354/meps08657

Cited by 43 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(83 reference statements)

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“…earlier) when oxygen decline was slower than when the declines were rapid (e.g. P. longimana, slow decline: lethal DO 0.17 ± 0.15 ml l −1 , steep decline: 0.06 ± 0.07 ml l −1 ; Haselmair et al 2010). Nonetheless, both values were close together at the lower end of severe hypoxia and probably would not be altered significantly by a considerably shorter or longer hypoxic period.…”

Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…Note, however, that almost all species showed stress behaviour much earlier, i.e. at mild hypoxia (Riedel et al 2008a, Haselmair et al 2010, Pretterebner et al 2012. Clearly, the community setting and sub-lethal responses must be considered when analysing overall hypoxia-induced impacts.…”

Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At the other end of the spectrum, individual hermit crabs showed a high tolerance to extended anoxia (median 42.8 h) and high H 2 S (median 135 µM). The most resistant decapods were the pea crab Nepinnotheres pinnotheres (survival: 90 h of hypoxia and anoxia, maximum H 2 S concentration 126 µM; Haselmair et al 2010), probably reflecting their life habits in the gill cavity of bivalves or ascidians.…”

Section: Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Tolerance of benthic macrofauna to hypoxia and anoxia in shallow coastal seas: a realistic scenario

Riedel¹,

Zuschin²,

Stachowitsch³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

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Oxygen depletion can lead to the collapse of benthic ecosystems, i.e. to dead zones, and large-scale biodiversity loss. Based on mortality and survival, we evaluated ranges of sensitivity and tolerance to hypoxia levels, duration of anoxia and H 2 S exposure across taxa and key life habits. Experiments were conducted on a sublittoral soft-bottom under realistic in situ conditions in a community setting featuring both a well-developed epi-and infauna. Overall, 495 individuals representing 40 species were examined over almost 1000 h (using time-lapse camera and sensor arrays). Mortality started at dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations < 0.5 ml l −1 and centred at the transition from severe hypoxia to early anoxia. A total of 58% of the individuals belonging to 27 species died. Thirteen species (39 individuals) died exclusively during anoxia. All of the individuals that died during hypoxia, and most of those that died during anoxia, did so before the onset of hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S). In 11 species, all individuals survived: survival rates were highest among molluscs, anthozoans and ascidians. In contrast, most polychaetes, decapods and echinoderms died. Epifauna was more vulnerable than infauna, mobile forms were more vulnerable than sessile forms, and predators more vulnerable than deposit-feeders and suspension-feeders. While hypoxia primarily affected total abundance, anoxia significantly reduced the number of species. The former represents a quantitative, the latter a qualitative decline in ecosystem function. Most of the macrofauna may initially survive shorter-term (day-long) or intermittent hypoxia, but the onset of anoxia marks community collapse and biodiversity loss.

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Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 94%

Section: Mortality and Survivalmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Variabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Tolerance of benthic macrofauna to hypoxia and anoxia in shallow coastal seas: a realistic scenario

Riedel¹,

Zuschin²,

Stachowitsch³

2012

Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser.

Self Cite

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“…Even though our particular description of the dependency is generalized, the fact that the limit for oxygen concentration C f is dependent on current velocity makes it necessary that water flow rates be included in the set of variables that are controlled or reported when comparing different systems or different animal responses (e.g. Stachowitsch et al, 2007;Riedel et al, 2008;Haselmair et al, 2010).…”

Section: Biogeosciencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetic bottlenecks to respiratory exchange rates in the deep-sea – Part 1: Oxygen

2013

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Abstract. Ocean warming is now reducing dissolved oxygen concentrations, which can pose challenges to marine life. Oxygen limits are traditionally reported simply as a static concentration threshold with no temperature, pressure or flow rate dependency. Here we treat the oceanic oxygen supply potential for heterotrophic consumption as a dynamic molecular exchange problem analogous to familiar gas exchange processes at the sea surface. A combination of the purely physico-chemical oceanic properties temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and oxygen concentration defines the ability of the ocean to provide the oxygen supply to the external surface of a respiratory membrane. This general oceanic oxygen supply potential is modulated by further properties such as the diffusive boundary layer thickness to define an upper limit to oxygen supply rates. While the true maximal oxygen uptake rate of any organism is limited by gas transport either across the respiratory interface of the organism itself or across the diffusive boundary layer around an organism, controlled by physico-chemical oceanic properties, it can never be larger than the latter. Here, we define and calculate quantities that describe this upper limit to oxygen uptake posed by physico-chemical properties around an organism and show examples of their oceanic profiles.

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“…This has been documented in situ during larger-scale anoxic episodes (Stachowitsch, 1984) and has been confirmed and analysed in great detail experimentally using an underwater chamber (0.25 m 2 ) on a small scale on the seafloor in 24 m water depth. These behaviours include, for example, emergence of infauna (Riedel et al, 2008a), unusual interactions including predation (Riedel et al 2008b;Haselmair et al 2010), altered locomotion and activity patterns (Pretterebner et al, 2012), and a clear sequence of mortalities . For an overview of these responses see Riedel et al (this issue) and a sample 4-day film at http://phaidra.univie.ac.at/o:87923.…”

Section: Blasnig Et Al: Short-term Post-mortality Scavenging and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term post-mortality scavenging and longer term recovery after anoxia in the northern Adriatic Sea

et al. 2013

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Abstract. The northern Adriatic Sea is one of nearly 500 areas worldwide suffering widespread mortalities due to anoxia. The present study documents post-anoxia macrofauna dynamics after experimentally inducing small-scale anoxia in 24 m depth (2 plots, each 50 cm × 50 cm). Timelapse camera deployments examined short-term scavenging of the moribund and dead organisms (multi-species clumps consisting of sponges and ascidians) over two 3-day periods (August 2009: 71.5 h, September 2009: 67.5 h). Longer term recovery (days to 2 yr) in the same two plots was examined with an independent photo series. Scavengers arrived quickly and in a distinct sequence: demersal (Gobius niger, Serranus hepatus) and benthopelagic fishes (Diplodus vulgaris, Pagellus erythrinus), followed by hermit crabs (Paguristes eremita, showing a clear day/night rhythm in presence) and gastropods (Hexaplex trunculus). This sequence is attributed to the relative speeds and densities of the organisms. The sessile fauna was largely removed or consumed within seven (August plot) and 13 (September plot) days after anoxia, confirming our first hypothesis that decaying organisms are quickly utilised. The scavengers remained in dense aggregations (e.g. up to 33 P. eremita individuals at one time) as long as dead organisms were available. No recovery of sessile macroepibenthos macroepibenthos occurred in the experimental plots one and two years after anoxia, undermining our second hypothesis that small denuded areas are more rapidly recolonised. This study underlines the sensitivity of this soft-bottom community and supports calls for reducing additional anthropogenic disturbances such as fishing practices that further impede recolonisation and threaten benthic community structure and function over the long term.

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Behaviour and mortality of benthic crustaceans in response to experimentally induced hypoxia and anoxia in situ

Cited by 43 publications

References 68 publications

Tolerance of benthic macrofauna to hypoxia and anoxia in shallow coastal seas: a realistic scenario

Tolerance of benthic macrofauna to hypoxia and anoxia in shallow coastal seas: a realistic scenario

Kinetic bottlenecks to respiratory exchange rates in the deep-sea – Part 1: Oxygen

Short-term post-mortality scavenging and longer term recovery after anoxia in the northern Adriatic Sea

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