Pine Growth Variation Associated with Overburden Rock Type on a Reclaimed Surface Mine in Virginia

Torbert, J. L.; Burger, James A.; Daniels, W. Lee

doi:10.2134/jeq1990.00472425001900010011x

Cited by 61 publications

(61 citation statements)

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“…Contudo, nas duas camadas avaliadas, a APD foi menor na testemunha e maior no CalcBbCa, o que pode estar refletindo o efeito da cama de aviário na retenção de água. A compactação e a baixa disponibilidade de água para as plantas são os principais problemas constatados em solos reconstruídos após mineração (Torbert et al, 1990). O aumento da densidade do solo oriundo de reconstrução diminui a infiltração da água e aumenta o escoamento superficial no perfil compactado (Harms & Chanasyk, 2000).…”

Section: Resultsunclassified

Atributos físicos do solo em área de mineração de carvão influenciados pela correção da acidez, adubação orgânica e revegetação

Neto

Albuquerque

Almeida

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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Section: Resultsunclassified

Atributos físicos do solo em área de mineração de carvão influenciados pela correção da acidez, adubação orgânica e revegetação

Neto

Albuquerque

Almeida

et al. 2008

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

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“…Only later was it determined that tree growth was quite variable on sites with differing mine soils (Andrews et al, 1992;Ashby et al, 1984;Daniels and Amos, 1984;Johnson and Skousen, 1995;Rodrigue and Burger, 2004;Torbert et al, 1990;Zeleznik and Skousen, 1996). Recent research has indeed verified tremendous differences in tree growth in different spoil types placed at the surface as rooting media.…”

Section: Early Reforestation Of Surface Minesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selecting Topsoil Substitutes for Forestry Mine Soils

Skousen¹,

Zipper²,

Burger³

et al. 2011

JASMR

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The Forestry Reclamation Approach is a five-step system for reclaiming mined lands to forests.Step 1 of the FRA involves creating a suitable rooting medium for good tree growth using topsoil, weathered sandstone and/or the best available material. Several types of overburden types can be selected to place on the surface as growth media. These spoil types include weathered brown sandstone and unweathered rock materials including sandstones, siltstones, shales, and mixtures of these materials. When sufficient topsoil is not salvageable, reclamation scientists often recommend that, when available, weathered sandstone should be considered as the 'best available' topsoil substitute material. Here, we review the scientific evidence that supports such recommendations. Several studies have shown that tree survival was not significantly different among spoil types. Weathered brown sandstone, unweathered gray sandstone, siltstone and shale materials all produced good tree survival (>70%) when compaction and competitive ground covers were reduced. However, growth for most trees (as measured by height, diameter, and volume) was usually significantly greater in weathered brown materials than in unweathered sandstones, siltstones, shales, and mixed spoils. At one site in West Virginia five years after planting, a 10-fold difference in tree volume was found between these two spoil types. Similar results have been found with other studies across Appalachian surface mines. Based on the results of studies summarized herein, the use of weathered brown sandstone is generally recommended, along with topsoil materials when available, to be placed on the surface on sites where hardwood tree species are being planted for forestry post-mining land uses. Weathered brown sandstone spoil materials have a pH, soluble salt content, fine earth content well suited for trees, and sufficient nutrient supplying and water holding capacity that results in superior tree growth compared to other spoil types. The brown sandstone material more closely resembles the native forest soil than the unweathered gray materials.

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“…Researchers have reported on the attributes of loose-graded brown weathered sandstone spoil compared to un-weathered fine-textured rocks (Torbert et al, 1990). Other studies have identified certain types of loose-graded mixed un-weathered sandstone and shale (mine run) spoil as being highly productive (Conrad et al, 2002;Angel et al, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forest Establishment and Water Quality Characteristics as Influenced by Spoil Type on a Loose-Graded Surface Mine in Eastern Kentucky

Angel¹,

Barton²,

Warner³

et al. 2008

JASMR

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Six research plots were established on a surface mine for the purpose of evaluating the forest productivity potential and hydrological and water quality characteristics of three different loose-graded spoil types. The three spoil types were: (1) predominately brown, weathered sandstone (BROWN); (2) predominately gray, un-weathered sandstone (GRAY); and (3) mixed weathered and un-weathered sandstones and shale material (MIXED). The average area of the six plots was approximately 3,658 m 2 . The physical and chemical soil characteristics that gave the BROWN spoil type a predictably higher productivity potential and natural regeneration than the GRAY and MIXED spoil were its finer soil texture, higher CEC and P concentration, and a pH that was more suitable for native hardwood trees. Four species of tree seedlings were planted into the spoils. Growth and survival of the planted trees were evaluated for three years. As an indicator of natural succession potential, percentage ground cover of volunteer vegetation on the three spoil types was also evaluated. By the third year (2007) after planting, the BROWN spoil type had a significantly higher average tree volume index than the MIXED spoil and MIXED was significantly higher than GRAY. Ground cover from natural regeneration was found to be 66.4% on the BROWN spoil (61 different species), 5.8% on the MIXED spoil (35 different species), and less than 2.0% on the GRAY spoil (12 different species). Results showed that the loose-graded spoil in this experiment was characterized by low discharge volumes, small peak discharges, and long durations of discharge and had hydrologic characteristics of a forested watershed, even at this early stage of development. Generally, concentrations of Ca, Mg, and SO 4 2-decreased over time in GRAY and MIXED and increased in BROWN. The pH of the water discharge from all three spoil types has increased from about 7.5 to 8.5. Although the average electrical conductivity (EC) in water discharged from the BROWN spoil remained relatively level during the study period, the GRAY and MIXED appears to be on a downward trajectory from about 1500 µS cm -1 to about 500 µS cm -1 . The latter value of EC has been reported as the apparent threshold at which the benthic invertebrate community returns to drastically disturbed headwater streams of eastern Kentucky and adjacent coal-producing Appalachian states.

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Pine Growth Variation Associated with Overburden Rock Type on a Reclaimed Surface Mine in Virginia

Cited by 61 publications

References 0 publications

Atributos físicos do solo em área de mineração de carvão influenciados pela correção da acidez, adubação orgânica e revegetação

Atributos físicos do solo em área de mineração de carvão influenciados pela correção da acidez, adubação orgânica e revegetação

Selecting Topsoil Substitutes for Forestry Mine Soils

Forest Establishment and Water Quality Characteristics as Influenced by Spoil Type on a Loose-Graded Surface Mine in Eastern Kentucky

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