Pilot scale study of trace element vaporization and condensation during combustion of a pulverized sub-bituminous coal

Senior, Constance L.; Bool, L.E.; Srinivasachar, S.; Pease, Benjamin R.; Porle, K.

doi:10.1016/s0378-3820(99)00094-6

Cited by 72 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Haynes et al 69 deduced from the size dependence of particle composition that the deposition of As and Sb was controlled by chemical reaction. More extensive studies of the size dependence of the deposition have been carried out [85][86][87] showing that As, Se, and Sb react with the fly ash to an extent that depends on ash composition, thus leading to a coal-dependent partitioning of the elements between the submicron and supermicron ash.…”

Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,010

600

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Particulate matter (PM) emissions from stationary combustion sources burning coal, fuel oil, biomass, and waste, and PM from internal combustion (IC) engines burning gasoline and diesel, are a significant source of primary particles smaller than 2.5 µm (PM 2.5 ) in urban areas. Combustion-generated particles are generally smaller than geologically produced dust and have unique chemical composition and morphology. The fundamental processes affecting formation of combustion PM and the emission characteristics of important applications are reviewed. Particles containing transition metals, ultrafine particles, and soot are emphasized because these types of particles have been studied extensively, and their emissions are controlled by the fuel composition and the oxidant-temperature-mixing history from the flame to the stack. There is a need for better integration of the combustion, air pollution control, atmospheric chemistry, and inhalation health research communities. Epidemiology has demonstrated that susceptible individuals are being harmed by ambient PM. Particle surface area, number of ultrafine particles, bioavailable transition metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and other particle-bound organic compounds are suspected to be more important than particle mass in determining the effects of air pollution. Time-and size-resolved PM measurements are needed for testing mechanistic toxicological hypotheses, for characterizing the relationship between combustion operating conditions and transient emissions, and for source apportionment studies to develop air quality plans. Citations are provided to more specialized reviews, and the concluding comments make suggestions for further research.

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Section: Particle (Soot) Inception By Chemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Lighty

Veranth

Sarofim

2000

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

1,010

600

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“…The pine sample was obtained [20,21] and sub-bituminous coal [22][23][24][25] is satisfactory. The presence of sulfur, oxygen and nitrogen in PMMA is attributed to the use of polymerization agents (persulfate salts, peroxides or azo compounds) [26,27].…”

Section: Materials Preparation and Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure-reactivity relationship in pyrolysis of plastics: A comparison with natural polymers

Larraín

Carrier

Radović

2017

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

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Highlights• Global activation energy depends on conversion in pyrolysis of all polymers.• Activation energy variability is proportional to chemical complexity of polymers.• An Evans-Polanyi relationship for initiation reactions of polymer pyrolysis is proposed. AbstractRecent advances in plastics recycling confirm the high potential of pyrolysis technologies to enhance recovery and selectivity rates. Modelling the kinetics of this complex process to stimulate scaling-up opportunities remains a major challenge.This study is an attempt to develop practical quantitative reactivity indices for the pyrolysis of natural and synthetic polymers. Representative samples from both categories (coal and pine vs. PET, PE and PMMA) were selected. Their weight loss during pyrolysis was determined experimentally and analyzed using judicious lumping procedures for its initiation, propagation and termination steps. The combined experimental and theoretical approach allowed us to determine apparent activation energies using the isoconversional Friedman method; and the use of Benson's group contribution method generated reaction enthalpies for the initiation reactions. Increasing activation energies with conversion in each case indicated that bond scission proceeds in order of increasing bond strength. The greater chemical complexity of natural polymers was reflected in the higher coefficients of variability for activation energy and wider ranges of reaction enthalpies. A structure-reactivity relationship based on the Evans-Polanyi theory was used to test the hypothesis that primary pyrolysis kinetics is controlled by cleavage of weakest chemical bonds. While the results show that this approach is promising, especially if confirmed by extension to a larger data set, they also suggest the need to compare the relative kinetic importance of initiation and propagation steps in the sequence of polymer pyrolysis reactions.

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“…Several factors, such as volatilization tendency of trace elements, modes of occurrence of trace elements, and concentrations of trace elements in coal gangue may influence the trace elements behavior during coal gangue combustion [63][64][65][66]. Also, the combustion condition, especially temperature is a key factor to influence the transformation behavior of trace elements.…”

Section: Transformation Behavior Of Trace Elements During Coal Ganguementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The second group is represented by Co, Cr, and V, which were relative non-volatile. It is reported that the volatility of trace elements during coal combustion mainly relies on the modes of occurrence and the concentrations in coals as well as the combustion parameters [64][65][66][67]. During coal gangue combustion, the combustion temperature and the modes of occurrence of trace elements in coal gangue are the main factors.…”

Section: Transformation Behavior Of Trace Elements During Coal Ganguementioning

confidence: 99%

Trace Elements in Coal Gangue: A Review

Guo¹

2018

Contributions to Mineralization

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Coal gangue is one of the largest industrial residues. It has high ash content, low carbonaceous content, and heating value. Meanwhile, it has some trace elements. Large quantities of coal gangue cause serious environmental problems by polluting the air, water, and soil as well as occupying a tremendous amount of land. Now, coal gangue utilization is a matter of great concern and has attracted wide interest. However, some toxic trace elements in coal gangue should be paid more attention during the utilization of coal gangue. In this article, the modes of occurrence and the leaching characters of trace elements in coal gangue were introduced according to the result of the sequential extraction method and the leaching method. The release character of trace elements during combustion of coal gangue and the environmental implication of trace elements in coal gangue were also discussed. The sulfide-bound trace elements are dominant form in coal gangue. Leaching behavior of trace elements from coal gangue is affected by many factors. Different trace elements presented different transformation behaviors. Trace elements in coal gangue could release out and produce environmental implication in various degrees, depending on the type of trace elements.

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Pilot scale study of trace element vaporization and condensation during combustion of a pulverized sub-bituminous coal

Cited by 72 publications

References 7 publications

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Combustion Aerosols: Factors Governing Their Size and Composition and Implications to Human Health

Structure-reactivity relationship in pyrolysis of plastics: A comparison with natural polymers

Trace Elements in Coal Gangue: A Review

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