Phytofabrication of Silver/Silver Chloride Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Oedera genistifolia: Characterization and Antibacterial Potential

Abstract

In this present study, silver nanoparticles (Ag/AgCl NPs) were synthesized using an aqueous leaf extract of Oedera genistifolia as a reducing agent. The biosynthesized Ag/AgCl NPs was characterized by UV-visible spectrophotometry, transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, sequel to antibacterial assay, the cytotoxic effect of the phytofabricated Ag/AgCl NPs was assessed against the HeLa cell line (human cervix adenocarcinoma). The results of the characterization of the synthesized Ag/AgCl NPs indicate the successful synthesis using plant extract as a reducing agent, with UV-Vis spectra between 290–360 nm. TEM results showed that Ag/AgCl NPs was spherical in shape with an average size of 34.2 nm. EDX analysis revealed that the particles were predominantly composed of carbon, oxygen, chlorine, and silver, while FTIR identified major phytochemical compounds, which could be responsible for bio-reducing and capping potential. XRD analysis showed the crystallinity of Ag/AgCl NPs, with a face-centred cubic structure. The studied Ag/AgCl NPs had no cytotoxic effect on HeLa cells and exhibited antibacterial activity (minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) 0.25–1 mg/mL; minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) 2–16 mg/mL) against both the Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria investigated. Findings from this study suggest that this plant as a good candidate for producing new antibacterial drugs.

Synthesis of Biogenic Silver Nanoparticles (AgCl-NPs) Using a Pulicaria vulgaris Gaertn. Aerial Part Extract and Their Application as Antibacterial, Antifungal and Antioxidant Agents

“…They corresponded to (111), (200), (220), (311), (222), (400), (331), and (420) planes, respectively, and confirmed the face-centered cubic (FCC) structure of AgCl according to the database of Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS), file number 31-1238. XRD analysis confirmed that biogenic AgCl-NPs were synthesized [11]. According to the Debye-Sherrer equation, the average crystalline size of biosynthesized AgCl-NPs was 28.6 nm.…”

“…It was established that only in case of the addition of the 6% (v/v) extract to a 1 mmol/L AgNO 3 solution, would bioreduction and biosynthesis processes take place, and the colorless AgNO 3 solution became dark brown with time ( Figure 1). This is likely attributable to the completion of the synthesis process, and the formation of biogenic AgCl-NPs [11]. It was previously reported that P. vulgaris contains alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds [29] that could be responsible for the bioreduction of Ag(I) ions into AgCl-NPs as well as their capping in the solution [30].…”

Plant-Based Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Aqueous Leaf Extract of Salvia officinalis: Characterization and its Antiplasmodial Activity

“…The biosynthesis of AgNPs was carried out as described by Okaiyeto et al [45] with a slight modification. Fifty millilitres (50 mL) of aqueous leaf extract of S. officinalis was added to 450 mL of 1 mM silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) solution and the mixture was stirred in the dark at room temperature for 1 h for complete synthesis.…”

“…1). The colour change observed in AgNO 3 could be due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) excitation at 323 nm that indicates the formation of AgNPs [45,48,49]. The appearance of dark-brown colour ascribed to the surface plasmon could be as a result of the collective oscillation of free electrons of the silver nanoparticles in resonance with the frequency of the light wave interactions causing the SPR band to appear in the visible and infrared region [50,51].…”

Chemical constituents, antioxidant and cytotoxicity properties of Leonotis leonurus used in the folklore management of neurological disorders in the Eastern Cape, South Africa

“…The cytotoxic potential of plant extracts was evaluated against HeLa cells (Cellonex, South Africa) as described by Okaiyeto et al (2019). The crude extracts were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and it is noteworthy that all the solvent extracts dissolved completely in DMSO and subsequently, the crude extracts were incubated at 37 °C for 48 h at a fixed concentration of 50 µg/mL in 96-well plates containing HeLa cells.…”