Phytochemical Study on Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Activities of Moroccan Caralluma europaea Extract and Its Bioactive Compound Classes

Abstract

Background. Caralluma europaea (C. europaea) is a medicinal plant used in Moroccan popular medicine. Objective of the Study. The present work was aimed at identifying the chemical composition and the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of hydroethanolic and bioactive compound classes of C. europaea. Materials and Methods. The chemical composition was analyzed using HPLC. The antioxidant power was determined using both DPPH and FRAP assays. The antiproliferative activity was effectuated against cancerous cells using WST-1. Results. The chemical analysis showed the presence of bioactive constituents such as quercetin, myricetin, and hesperetin. The polyphenol and flavonoid contents were estimated at 51.42 mg GA/g and 20.06 mg EQ/g, respectively. The EC50 values of FRAP assay of hydroethanolic, flavonoid, saponin, and mucilage extracts were 5.196 mg/ml, 4.537 mg/ml, 3.05 mg/ml, and 6.02 mg/ml, respectively. The obtained IC50 values with the DPPH test were 1.628 mg/ml, 1.05 mg/ml, 1.94 mg/ml, and 9.674 mg/ml, respectively. Regarding MDA-MB-231, saponins were highly effective even with the lowest concentration (15.62 μg/ml). The flavonoids decreased the cell viability with IC50 values of 43.62 ± 0.06 μg/ml, whereas the hydroethanolic extract and mucilages were ineffective. Saponins were also effective against MCF-7 cells with IC50 values of 4.195 ± 0.025 μg/ml. Conclusion. The present results suggest that C. europaea may have considerable potential for the development of effective natural anticancer agents.

Protective Effect of Chemically Characterized Polyphenol-Rich Fraction from Apteranthes europaea (Guss.) Murb. subsp. maroccana (Hook.f.) Plowes on Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury in Mice

“…The phytochemical study of A. europaea using high-performance liquid chromatography revealed the presence of interesting chemicals including ferulic acid, gallic acid, methyl gallate, rutin, and resorcinol (Figures 3 and 4; Table 1). Our results were partially in agreement with previous works reporting some similar compounds [4,8].…”

“…aerial parts were collected from the Imouzzer region in the Middle Atlas Mountains, Morocco. Authentication of the studied plant was made by the botanist Amina Bari and given the voucher number 18I4C001 before being deposited at the herbarium of the Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Dhar El Mahraz, Fez, Morocco [8]. The aerial part of A. europaea was dried in a shady place in a well-ventilated room before being ground into powder (Figure 1).…”

“…Some chemical compounds contained in the studied plant have already been identified including luteolin, gallic acid, hesperetin, quercetin, myricetin, ferulic acid, salicylic acid, naringenin-7-glucoside, rutin, rosmarinic acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, and epicatechin [8,11].…”

“…In traditional medicines, the aerial parts of A. europaea are recommended for use as a juice or as a powder mixed with honey or milk to fight diseases [5]. Some pharmacological activities of A. europaea including anti-inflammatory, anti-cyst, anticancer, anti-diabetic, anti-gastrointestinal disorders, anti-atherosclerosis, anti-hyperglycemia, anticancer, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic have been investigated elsewhere [6][7][8][9][10].…”

Nanotechnology Development for Formulating Essential Oils in Wound Dressing Materials to Promote the Wound-Healing Process: A Review

“…Essential oils (EOs) such as monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes are low-molecularweight secondary metabolites from plants. Because of flavor, aroma, and antimicrobial properties, they are used in various fields such as agriculture [33], medicine [34,35], wound healing [14,36], cosmetics [37,38], pharmaceuticals, tissue engineering to develop skin scaffolds [39][40][41][42][43], and the food packaging industry [44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Depending on the functional groups, the EOs may be more or less hydrophobic in nature, which must be taken into account when incorporating them into a specific polymer matrix.…”