Phytochemical Profiling and Bio-Potentiality of Genus Scutellaria: Biomedical Approach

Abstract

Scutellaria (Lamiaceae) comprises over 360 species. Based on its morphological structure of calyx, also known as Skullcap, it is herbaceous by habit and cosmopolitan by habitat. The species of Scutellaria are widely used in local communities as a natural remedy. The genus contributed over three hundred bioactive compounds mainly represented by flavonoids and phenols, chemical ingredients which serve as potential candidates for the therapy of various biological activities. Thus, the current review is an attempt to highlight the biological significance and its correlation to various isolated bioactive ingredients including flavonoids, terpenoids, phenols, alkaloids, and steroids. However, flavonoids were the dominant group observed. The findings of the Scutellaria reveal that due to its affluent basis of numerous chemical ingredients it has a diverse range of pharmacological potentials, such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, antifeedant, enzyme inhibition, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic significance. Currently, various bioactive ingredients have been investigated for various biological activities from the genus Scutellaria in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, these data help us to highlight its biomedical application and to isolate the responsible compounds to produce innovative medications as an alternative to synthetic drugs.

Functional bioactive compounds in ginger, turmeric, and garlic

“…Turmeric has antioxidant abilities that help to protect the liver from being damaged by toxins (30). It adds flavor to food and spice and plays a role in the digestion of food (31). It is an effective aid in reducing blood cholesterol (32).…”

Bridging the Chemical Profile and Biomedical Effects of Scutellaria edelbergii Essential Oils

“…Medicinal herbs are the most prevalent form of conventional therapies used for maintaining human health, in addition to inhibiting or curing physical and mental diseases [ 1 , 2 ]. Plants produce diverse chemical ingredients, such as essential oils (EOs), which have multiple properties; for example, they can resist microbes [ 3 ], scavenge free radicals [ 4 ], cure inflammation [ 5 ], and relieve pain [ 6 ].…”

“…Mostly the species of Lamiaceae contain terpenes and many other bioactive constituents, predominantly occurring in the epidermal glands of flowers, leaves, and stems [ 22 ]. The genus Scutellaria L. comprises 360 plant species, distributed, and practiced as healing agents in conventional medicines in China, Korea, North America, and Pakistan [ 1 , 2 , 23 ]. Currently, more than 300 bioactive ingredients, including terpenes, flavonoids, flavones, glycosides, and terpenoids, have been isolated from Scutellaria [ 23 , 24 ], which have multiple health benefits; thus, Scutellaria species are well-known for their diverse promising medicinal purposes and offered significance resistance to the microbes, also act as an antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic agent [ 25 ].…”

Bioactive Compounds from Endophytic Bacteria Bacillus subtilis Strain EP1 with Their Antibacterial Activities

“…Limited phytochemical information is available in the literature on how endophytes regulate their hosts by synthesizing primary and secondary metabolites and how these constituents affect the shape and growth of endophytic bacterial communities [16]. Therefore, the search for new antimicrobial drugs to deal with these resistant forms of TB has gained global attention, and researchers/scientists are searching for a novel source to subsist microbial complications [17][18][19][20][21].…”