Phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils amended with lignin as micro-fertilizer

Abstract

Lignin is a primary byproduct from the black liquor treatment in paper making industries, its application as micro-fertilizer in agricultural land might provide a promising alternative to sewage discharge. However, application of such a micro-fertilizer might affect the soil properties and result in soil pollution. In this study, the effects of lignin application on phyto-availability and speciation change of heavy metals in soils were investigated. Greenhouse experiments showed that lignin application improved the growth of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in all three soils investigated. The increase of the biomass for wheat shoot was 59.7%, 39.8% and 12.3% for Beijing soil, Jiangxi soil and Dongbei soil, respectively. In contrast, lignin amendment decreased the concentrations of heavy metals in wheat shoots from 2.2% to 61.0%. Sequential extraction procedure of a three-step BCR was used to investigate the fraction distribution. The extractable fractions were specified as fraction B1: water soluble, exchangeable and carbonate bound or weakly specifically adsorbed; B2: Fe-Mn oxide bound; B3: organic matter and sulfide bound. The results showed that lignin application led to the redistribution of heavy metals in each fraction. Generally, heavy metals decreased in B1 and B2 fractions and increased in B3 fraction. Upon the results short-term application of lignin in agricultural land not only improves the growth of wheat but also reduces the phyto-abailability of heavy metal in wheat.

Is there a future for sequential chemical extraction?

“…78,79,[186][187][188][189][190][191][192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202] It goes without saying that these two definitions can result in quite different interpretations of data. There are also a number of intermediate definitions in which the reducible fraction [203][204][205][206][207][208][209][210] or oxidisable fraction [211][212][213][214][215][216][217] was considered to represent the 'bioavailable/mobile' pool, either together with the easily extractable pool or on their own. Distinction is also made in some studies between the easily reducible pool (more mobile) and less easily reducible pool (less mobile).…”

Protective Effect of Lignophenol Derivative from Beech (Fagus crenata Blume) on Copper‐ and Zinc‐Mediated Cell Death in PC12 Cells

“…Another possibility is that lignophenol is associated with chelating for overloaded Cu and Zn. Lignin seems likely to interact with a variety of metal ions (Claye et al 1996; Guillon et al 2001; Merdy et al 2002; Wang et al 2005; Mohan et al 2006). Zhuang et al (2003) developed a technology for the treatment of Hg‐contaminated water and soils by using lignin derivatives contain phenolic, carboxyl, sulfonyl, alcoholic and enolic structures, and confirmed that the lignin derivatives are capable of combining with other metal ions such as Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni and Al.…”

Analytical Capabilities of the Community Bureau of Reference Protocol to Estimate the Mobility of Nutrients and Toxic Elements from Mineral Fertilizer

“…18,19 In this context, research related to element mobility in fertilizer samples using the BCR sequential extraction protocol is predominantly focused on waste products used as soil amendments. However, most of these products are organic residues, such as sugar cane waste products, 20,21 byproducts from paper making industries, 22 and different types of sludge. 20,23−28 The purpose of these works is not only to evaluate the extraction of elements contained in soil amendments but also to verify the effect on the mobility of elements present in soils.…”

“…In this context, research related to element mobility in fertilizer samples using the BCR sequential extraction protocol is predominantly focused on waste products used as soil amendments. However, most of these products are organic residues, such as sugar cane waste products, , byproducts from paper making industries, and different types of sludge. ,− The purpose of these works is not only to evaluate the extraction of elements contained in soil amendments but also to verify the effect on the mobility of elements present in soils. − Soil evaluation demonstrates that potentially toxic element concentrations are generally higher and also more mobile in agricultural soils than in nonagricultural soils and that fertilization is one of the agricultural activities responsible for it . BCR sequential extraction was also employed to estimate Zn mobility in polluted soil with or without compost amendment, which its distribution and speciation within different organs of the edible plant were compared .…”