Physiology of Normal Sleep in Adolescents

Tarokh, Leila; Raffray, Tifenn; E, Van Reen; Carskadon, MA

doi:10.1542/9781581105803-physiology

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Low mood was also found to be significantly associated with smartphone addiction (anxiety and depression) [4]. This finding also correlates with another study conducted by Hernandez et al, in which excessive use of smartphones was linked to the presence of depressive symptoms [31] and difficulty forming social connections [32].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…Indigent darkness in adolescents and young adults can result in long-term sleep problems, which may impact them in adulthood [3]. Young adults today have grown up with smartphones as an evident part of their daily lives [4]. The reason is that the usage of smartphones goes beyond routine calls, allowing one to enjoy games, online shopping, various social interaction activities, and administrative work anytime and anywhere, and has brought us a convenient life [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Quality Among High School Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Alahdal,

Alsaedi,

Garrni

et al. 2023

Cureus

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BackgroundSmartphones are Internet-accessible devices that everyone can use in any setting, and their popularity is growing. However, the pervasiveness of smartphone technology has raised concerns owing to its addictive effect among adolescents and its association with sleep quality and mental and physical health issues. ObjectivesThis study aimed to determine the effect of smartphone addiction on sleep quality among secondary high schools in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. MethodsThe study was conducted on high school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, using an analytical crosssectional design, from January 2023 to August 2023. The study used a multistage stratified random sampling technique to select participants. The data were collected from an online self-administered survey and analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows (IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). ResultsThis study included 373 respondents. Among those, males represent two-thirds of the study population (66%), while females are 34%. The median age of the participants is 16 years old, and the interquartile range (IQR) is 6. Our results show that the median number of hours spent on mobile phones is six per day, and the IQR is 5. Furthermore, our findings reveal that the mean Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short Version (SAS-SV) score is 38.5 ± 10.8 out of 60, and the average global PSQI score is 6.63 ± 3.03 out of 21. The results show that the study participants have problems using smartphones longer than they intended, constantly checking them, and missing planned works due to smartphone use. There is a positive correlation between smartphone addiction and sleep quality (r = 0.261; p < 0.001), indicating that the respondents have worse sleep quality when smartphone addiction and the global PSQI increased. ConclusionOur study concluded that high school students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, have high smartphone addiction. Moreover, high smartphone addiction is significantly associated with poor sleep quality. This study can help with the development of measures to improve better sleep quality among high school students.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Quality Among High School Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Alahdal,

Alsaedi,

Garrni

et al. 2023

Cureus

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“…In addition, we found a positive association between SWA dissipation time and age, suggesting longer homeostatic sleep pressure dissipation times with increasing age during early adulthood. This finding might appear unexpected at first glance but can be set in the context of studies in adolescents where it was observed that sleep deprivation resulted in a larger increase in low-frequency power in the older compared with the younger participants, suggesting that the younger individuals more quickly reach maximal capacity for generating low-frequency activity ( Tarokh et al., 2010 ). In parallel, it has to be noted that the response to sleep deprivation (expressed as percentage change from baseline) depends on both, dissipation time and SWA levels during baseline sleep, putatively underlined by different sleep pressure levels at study entry and thereby affecting the reported percentual change.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…While the age-related changes in SWA dynamics co-occur with both ongoing progressive (myelination) and regressive (synaptic pruning) cellular events ( Miller et al., 2012 ; Petanjek et al., 2011 ), the mechanisms that link synaptic pruning, SWA generation and fiber myelination are not yet explored. It may be assumed that pruning and myelination reflect two stages of a biophysical cascade that switch from a brain rich in synapses and SWA ( Vyazovskiy et al., 2007 ) to a brain that is optimized through distal myelin, more weighted on long-range connectivity and associated slow waves propagation ( Tarokh et al., 2010 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sleep slow-wave activity and in-vivo estimates of myelin in healthy young men

et al. 2023

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“…92 Normal sleep physiology and chronotypes in children and adolescents include later bedtimes and later morning wakening patterns than adults. 91 A child’s sleep patterns can be affected by their parents’ sleep habits, as well as their daily activity and behaviors, sleep environment, and psychosocial conditions. 15…”

Section: General Characteristics Of Sleepmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sleep and the Young Athlete

Coel

Pujalte

Applewhite

et al. 2022

Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach

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Context: Sleep plays a vital role in cognitive and physical performance. Teenage athletes (ages 13-19 years) are considered especially at risk for disordered sleep and associated negative cognitive, physical, and psychosomatic effects. However, there is a paucity of evidence-based recommendations to promote sleep quality and quantity in athletes who fall within this age range. We performed a review of the literature to reveal evidence-based findings and recommendations to help sports instructors, athletic trainers, physical therapists, physicians, and other team members caring for young athletes provide guidance on sleep optimization for peak sports performance and injury risk reduction. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched on May 11, 2016, and then again on September 1, 2020, for relevant articles published to date. Study Design: Narrative review. Level of Evidence: Level 4. Results: Few studies exist on the effects disordered sleep may have on teenage athletes. By optimizing sleep patterns in young athletes during training and competitions, physical and mental performance, and overall well-being, may be optimized. Adequate sleep has been shown to improve the performance of athletes, although further studies are needed. Conclusion: Twenty-five percent of total sleep time should be deep sleep, with a recommended sleep time of 8 to 9 hours for most young athletes. Screen and television use during athletes’ bedtime should be minimized to improve sleep quality and quantity. For young athletes who travel, jet lag can be minimized by allowing 1 day per time zone crossed for adjustment, limiting caffeine intake, planning meals and onboard sleeping to coincide with destination schedules, timing arrivals in the morning whenever possible, and using noise-canceling headphones and eyeshades. Strength-of-Recommendation Taxonomy (SORT): B.

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Physiology of Normal Sleep in Adolescents

Cited by 11 publications

References 54 publications

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Quality Among High School Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

The Impact of Smartphone Addiction on Sleep Quality Among High School Students in Makkah, Saudi Arabia

Association between sleep slow-wave activity and in-vivo estimates of myelin in healthy young men

Sleep and the Young Athlete

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