Physiological response of Polygonum perfoliatum L. following exposure to elevated manganese concentrations

Abstract

Polygonum perfoliatum L. is a Mn-tolerant plant as considered having the potential to revegetate in manganese mine wasteland. The glasshouse experiments were carried out to evaluate its tolerance and physiological response in different Mn concentrations (5, 500, 1000, 2000, 5000, and 10,000 μmol L). Absorption bands of P. perfoliatum differed greatly in lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates. With elevated levels of Mn (5-2000 μmol L), absorbance changed little, which demonstrated that lower Mn concentrations had negligible influence on transport functions. As Mn concentrations in excess of 2000 μmol L, absorbance increased slightly but eventually decreased. Furthermore, a hydroponic culture was carried out in order to study its changes of ultrastructure with the increasing Mn concentrations (5, 1000, and 10,000 μmol L). Lower Mn levels with 5 and 1000 μmol L had no breakage function to the ultrastructure of P. perfoliatum. However, as Mn concentration was up to 10,000 μmol L, visible damages began to appear, the quantity of mitochondria in root cells increased, and the granum lamellae of leaf cell chloroplasts presented a disordered state. In comparison with the controls, black agglomerations were found in the cells of P. perfoliatum under the controlling concentration of Mn with 1000 and 10,000 μmol L for 30 days, which became obvious at higher Mn concentrations. As Mn concentration was 10,000 μmol L, a kind of new acicular substance was developed in leaf cells and intercellular spaces, possibly indicating a resistance mechanism in P. perfoliatum. These results confirm that P. perfoliatum shows potential for the revegetation of abandoned manganese tailings.

Boron accumulation by Lemna minor L. under salt stress

“…These values are close to those in a previous study 4 , in which the BCF of B obtained for L. minor and L. gibba was ~350 and ~425 respectively, at 2 mg B/L. Two criteria, the BCF and the translocation factor (TF, shoot or leaf concentration/root concentration), have been used to identify the hyperaccumulation of an element 35 , 36 . When both BCF and TF exceed 1.0, hyperaccumulation is thought to occur 37 .…”

Uptake of a plasticizer (di-n-butyl phthalate) impacts the biochemical and physiological responses of barley

“…In the control sample, the IR absorption band was observed at 3395 cm −1 which indicated the symmetric stretch of the aliphatic primary amine group (–NH) which confirmed the presence of proteins. The peak that emerged at 2920 cm −1 is related to asymmetric vibration of C-H bonds of an aliphatic group (=CH 2 ) of the fatty acid backbone ( Driver et al, 2015 ; Xue et al, 2018 ). The peaks between 2000–2500 cm −1 are referred as a triple bond region.…”

The Possibility of Using Paulownia elongata S. Y. Hu × Paulownia fortunei Hybrid for Phytoextraction of Toxic Elements from Post-Industrial Wastes with Biochar

“…The observed changes may be related to the substrate characteristics, where the soluble cations, predominantly Ca and Mg, may have been exchanged with non-exchangeable and buffered soluble K as well as by organic acids produced by plant roots into the rhizosphere [63]. Moreover, plants have developed several means of metal detoxification, such as separation, chelation, avoidance and exclusion, which involve LMWOAs via extra-and/or intracellular mechanisms [64,65]. Many studies are in accordance with our results and have reported that plants are able to accumulate significant amounts of heavy metals such as Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn, transfer them to the aerial parts and store them in vacuoles as complexes with citric and malic ligands [66].…”