Physiological response of endurance exercise as a growth hormone mediator in adolescent women’s

Abstract

Objectives Overweight status decreases the growth hormone (GH) secretion, thus, increasing the risk factors for medical complications. However, proper exercise is reported to enhance GH and affect the energy balance. Therefore, exercise is proclaimed to be an accurate and engaging therapy to increase GH in preventing overweight. This study aims to investigate the physiological response of exercise in mediating the increase of GH secretion in female adolescents. Methods 22 overweight women aged 19–20 years old, with maximal oxygen consumption of 27–35 mL/kg/min, were selected as sample size. They were divided into three groups, namely (CONT, n=7) Control, (MIEE, n=7) Moderate-intensity interval endurance exercise, and (MCEE, n=8) Moderate-intensity continuous endurance exercise. The exercise was carried out by running for 30–35 min using treadmills with an intensity of 60–70% HRmax. The blood sampling for GH examination was carried out four times before exercise, 10 min, 6 h, and 24 h after exercise. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the GH and IGF-1 levels. The data analysis was carried out using a one-way ANOVA test, with a significance level of 5%. Results The results of the one-Way ANOVA test suggested a significantly different average GH and IGF-1 before and after the exercise between the three groups (CON, MIEE, and MCEE) (p≤0.05). Conclusions MCEE increases the GH and IGF-1 levels more considerably than MIEE. Therefore, exercise is a mediator to increase GH and IGF-1 secretion in overweight individuals. Exercise could be a viable therapy for overweight people.

Aerobic Exercise Increases Release of Growth Hormone in the Blood Circulation in Obese Women

“…Exercise is also known to prevent deficiency of GH secretion in overweight and obese individuals (Al-Samerria & Radovick, 2021). This finding was supported by research conducted by Sugiharto, Merawati, Pranoto, & Susanto (2022), which demonstrated that a single session of endurance training at an intensity of 60-70% HR max performed for 30-35 minutes on a treadmill increased GH secretion in obese women. Research conducted by Berry, Hubal, & Wideman (2018) also reported that treadmill exercise in moderate intensity performed for 60 minutes increased the release of GH levels in healthy and prediabetic subjects with obesity (BMI = 32.1±4.0 kg/m 2 ).…”

Long-Term Resistance–Endurance Combined Training Reduces Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Young Adult Females with Obesity

“…Due to the increased maximum oxygen volume (VO 2 max), exercise increases the expression of glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) in cell membranes, improving insulin sensitivity by 25–50% and helping in maintaining normal blood glucose levels [ 57 ]. Therefore, exercise can be one of the pillars of lifestyle modification in individuals with obesity [ 21 , 45 ]. Regular exercise can reduce stenosis in coronary arteries by increasing nitric oxide (NO) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) production, and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokines in the vascular endothelium [ 58 ].…”

“…Moreover, the onset of obesity often occurs in the young population, and this population will likely suffer from more extended morbidity [ 19 ]. An unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity lead to obesity [ 6 , 20 , 21 ]. Through their anti-inflammatory effects, lifestyle changes using an exercise-based non-pharmacological approach are considered effective in preventing increased morbidity [ 22 , 23 ].…”

Physiological response of exercise as modulation of lipid profile in young adults

“…Music player 5 headphones (MP5) is used to listen to music during exercise (Jia et al, 2016). Heating and cooling were each performed for 5 min with light intensity (50-60% HR max ) (Rejeki et al, 2022;Sugiharto et al, 2023). Maximum heart rate prediction was carried out using the 220-age (in years) formulation (Sugiharto et al, 2021;Murphy et al, 2019).…”