A sedentary lifestyle and an unhealthy diet increase the risk of obesity. People with obesity experience adipocyte hypertrophy and hyperplasia, which increases the production of proinflammatory cytokines, thereby increasing the risk of morbidity and mortality. Lifestyle modification using non-pharmacological approaches such as physical exercise prevents increased morbidity through its anti-inflammatory effects. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of different types of exercise on decreased proinflammatory cytokines in young adult females with obesity. A total of 36 female students from Malang City aged 21.86 ± 1.39 years with body mass index (BMI) of 30.93 ± 3.51 kg/m2 were recruited and followed three different types of exercise interventions: moderate-intensity endurance training (MIET), moderate-intensity resistance training (MIRT), and moderate-intensity combined training (MICT). The exercise was performed at a frequency of 3x/week for 4 weeks. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0, using the paired sample t-test. The results revealed that serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased between pre-training and post-training in the three types of exercise (MIET, MIRT, and MICT) (p ≤ 0.001). The percentage change in IL-6 levels from pre-training in CTRL was (0.76 ± 13.58%), in MIET was (−82.79 ± 8.73%), in MIRT was (−58.30 ± 18.05%), in MICT was (−96.91 ± 2.39%), and (p ≤ 0.001). There was a percentage change in TNF-α levels from pre-training in CTRL (6.46 ± 12.13%), MIET (−53.11 ± 20.02%), MIRT (−42.59 ± 21.64%), and MICT (−73.41 ± 14.50%), and (p ≤ 0.001). All three types of exercise consistently reduced proinflammatory cytokines such as serum levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.
Background:The progress of a region is greatly influenced by the quality of its human resources (HR). This is inseparable from the level of knowledge of the community as human resources in an area that must be fostered from an early age. Methods: Additional lessons are given to elementary school students of MIM 03 and MI Al-Huda. Data collection used a knowledge questionnaire to evaluate the knowledge before and after the implementation of all additional learning sessions which were carried out 8 times within 4 weeks. The subject of this study were 19 elementary school children in Pucakwangi Village, Lamongan. The marks are then analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) Statistic 23. Results:The results showed an increase in the results of the knowledge questionnaire on the post test (p<0.05). Conclusion:This study concludes that additional lessons have a positive impact on subject knowledge, and a sustainable program is needed to maintain or even increase knowledge levels and quality of human resources.
Introduction: Hypertension, the silent killer, affects around one billion people worldwide. Therefore, efforts are necessary to raise public awareness. Objective: This research aims to assess the interactive online health education's impact on hypertension public health domain in the productive-age population in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Method: This non-randomized quasi-experimental study assessed the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding awareness of hypertension based on the comparison of pre-tests and post-test results after a virtual educational intervention. Recruitment of the participants was performed using a consecutive sampling method. Resident living in Ketabang and Pacar Keling sub-districts of Surabaya were recruited for this study. The study consisted of thirteen participants who took participated in a three-session educational intervention delivered virtually via Zoom Cloud Meetings. The study results were gathered using pre-test and post-test questionnaires via Google Forms. The knowledge domain was compared using a paired t-test, while the attitude and practice domains were analyzed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: After the educational intervention, the research disclosed significant differences between the knowledge and practice domain's pre-test and post-test mean scores (57.69 vs. 66.92; p = 0.046; and 31 vs. 32; p = 0.020). However, an examination of the attitude domain revealed indifference (33 vs. 34; p = 0.306). The impact of intervention via interactive online learning was demonstrated in this study by considerable improvements in knowledge and practice. However, the result of participants' attitudes did not alter significantly in this study. Conclusion: This study implies that providing public health promotion and education through online platforms can be used to improve hypertension awareness. Further better-designed and wider-scaled studies with a control group are needed to confirm our findings.
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