Physiological Concentrations of Acute-Phase Proteins and Immunoglobulins in Equine Synovial Fluid

Abstract

Synovial fluid (SF) is capable of reflecting infectious, immunological, or inflammatory joint conditions in horses by altering its composition and appearance. Although plasma and SF compositions are quantitatively different, this latter compartment reflects changes in plasma macromolecules. Therefore, changes in serum immunoglobulin protein concentrations tend also to alter intracapsular levels. Therefore, it is necessary to know the physiological concentrations of proteins present in SF. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of total protein, albumin, transferrin, haptoglobin, a1-acid glycoprotein, ceruloplasmin, and immunoglobulins A and G in SF of six healthy horses. The synovial proteinogram was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The SF proteins reached a maximum of 25% of serum concentrations, varying inversely with molecular weight of the protein, except for the ceruloplasmin.

Inflammation affects the viability and plasticity of equine mesenchymal stem cells: possible implications in intra-articular treatments

“…Both APPs analyzed in the inflammatory synovial fluid were above the reference ranges [114], which is in agreement with the expected changes for these proteins [14]. The inflammatory environment provided by cytokine priming resulted in a remarkable viability impairment of eBM-MSCs, whereas SF conditions did not alter their regular growth.…”

The Serum Protein Profile and Acute Phase Proteins in the Postoperative Period in Sheep after Induced Articular Cartilage Defect

“…A slight increase of total protein concentrations was recorded on day 14 after the surgical intervention, probably related to the response of the organism to the damage caused in the articular cartilage. The patterns of proteins in the serum or synovial fluid, their fractionation, and the identification of several proteins have been studied in some cartilage lesions, joint disorders, and destruction in both humans and animals [21,22,23]. However, the profile of serum proteins after cartilage reconstruction and implantation of biomaterials was previously not described.…”

Concentrations of acute-phase proteins and immunoglobulins in serum and synovial fluid in clinically healthy heifers and steers

“…It also allows evaluating the effectiveness of treatment (Jacobsen et al 2006b). APPs have already been measured in the synovial fluid of equines (Jacobsen et al 2006a, Basile et al 2013, Di Filippo et al 2014) and humans (Catterall et al 2010). Nevertheless, little is known about the APPs present in the synovial fluid of cattle.…”

“…In this study, regardless of sex, Hp concentrations were detected in serum and synovial fluid ( Table 1 and 2). Hp was also detected in the synovial fluid of healthy horses (Basile et al 2013). Jawor et al (2008) evaluated the concentrations of APPs at distinct times during the treatment of cows with limb diseases.…”

“…Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography and evaluation of biochemical markers in synovial fluid have been used (Hegemann et al 2002, Jacobsen et al 2006a. Synovial fluid (SF) is a dialysate of plasma that contains proteins, electrolytes and hyaluronic acid, capable of reflecting infections, immunological, or inflammatory joint conditions by altering its composition and appearance (Basile et al 2013).…”