Although hundreds of proteins exist in blood serum, little is known about the precise composition and entire set of serum proteins in different ruminant species. Under physiological conditions, the production of serum proteins is closely regulated, but alterations in the serum protein pattern may occur in a wide range of diseases and health disorders. During the last several years, substantial progress was seen in the application of serum protein analyses for diagnostic purposes. The serum protein profile is mostly evaluated by serum protein electrophoresis, which allows the identification of protein fractions, each being composed of several individual proteins with similar electrophoretic mobility. Many disease processes can cause changes in the concentrations of serum proteins. Therefore, the determination of their concentrations and the evaluation of changes in their concentrations during the disease process may provide important diagnostic information for assessing the health state. Despite this usefulness, the evaluation of serum protein pattern is still relatively a less frequently used laboratory diagnostic technique in ruminant medicine. Thus, the usefulness of serum proteins in the diagnosis of health disorders and the possible clinical application of the results of the electrophoretic separation of serum proteins in ruminants will be reviewed in this chapter.
Although several new implants have been developed using animal studies for the treatment of osteochondral and cartilage defects, there is a lack of information on the possible metabolic and biochemical reactions of the body to the implantation of biomaterials and cartilage reconstruction. Therefore, this study was aimed at evaluating the serum protein pattern and the alterations in the concentrations of selected acute phase proteins in five clinically healthy female sheep before and after the reconstruction of experimentally induced articular cartilage defects using polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan based biopolymer material. The concentrations of total serum proteins (TSP), protein fractions, and selected acute phase proteins—serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobin (Hp), and C-reactive protein (CRP)—were measured before and on days seven, 14, and 30 after the surgical intervention. The TSP concentrations showed no marked differences during the evaluated period. Albumin values decreased on day seven and day 14 after surgery. In the concentrations of α1-, α2-, β-, and γ2-globulins, a gradual significant increase was observed during the postoperative period (p < 0.05). The γ1-globulins decreased slightly seven days after surgery. The concentrations of SAA, Hp, and CRP increased significantly after the surgical intervention with a subsequent decrease on day 30. Presented results suggest marked alterations in the serum protein pattern after surgical intervention.
The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between body condition and claw diseases in dairy cows.
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different pre-calving body conditions on some metabolic indices, health status and reproductive disorders in dairy cows. The study was conducted on a dairy farm in Eastern Slovakia during the pre-partum period (–1 to –10 DIM) and post-partum period (1 to 14 DIM). Total of 84 cows allotted in 3 groups were submitted to clinical examination and body condition score (BCS) evaluation. At the same intervals blood samples were collected for determination of beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and calcium levels. During the postpartum period the incidence of reproductive diseases, such as metritis, retained placenta, metabolic disorders, such as milk fever, left displacement of abomasum and orthopaedic disorders were recorded. The strongest lipid mobilisation (NEFA elevation), ketone body production, and blood calcium drop were determined in postpartum dairy cows with the highest prepartum body condition score. In conclusion, the dairy cows with different BCS hade a different metabolic response during the postpartum period. The overcondition was connected with stronger lipid mobilisation and calcium drop after calving. Moreover, the higher BCS could contribute to higher incidence of production diseases.
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