Physiological and Molecular Alterations Promoted by Schizotetranychus oryzae Mite Infestation in Rice Leaves

Abstract

Infestation of phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus oryzae in rice causes critical yield losses. To better understand this interaction, we employed Multidimensional Protein Identification Technology (MudPIT) approach to identify differentially expressed proteins. We detected 18 unique proteins in control and 872 in infested leaves, respectively, along with 32 proteins more abundant in control leaves. S. oryzae infestation caused decreased abundance of proteins related to photosynthesis (mostly photosystem II-related), carbon assimilation and energy production, chloroplast detoxification, defense, fatty acid and gibberellin synthesis. On the other hand, infestation caused increased abundance of proteins involved in protein modification and degradation, gene expression at the translation level, protein partitioning to different organelles, lipid metabolism, actin cytoskeleton remodeling, and synthesis of jasmonate, amino acid and molecular chaperones. Our results also suggest that S. oryzae infestation promotes cell wall remodeling and interferes with ethylene biosynthesis in rice leaves. Proteomic data were positively correlated with enzymatic assays and RT-qPCR analysis. Our findings describe the protein expression patterns of infested rice leaves, and suggest that the acceptor side of PSII is probably the major damaged target in the photosynthetic apparatus. These data will be useful in future biotechnological approaches aiming to induce phytophagous mite resistance in rice.

Unraveling Rice Tolerance Mechanisms Against Schizotetranychus oryzae Mite Infestation

“…Chlorophyll fluorescence is a non-invasive tool commonly used for determining the behavior of the photosynthetic apparatus of control and abiotic stressed plants ( Gururani et al, 2015 ; Rapacz et al, 2015 ). Our group previously detected a reduction in Pi ABS , S m , and N parameters (related to the donor and acceptor sides of PSII) in rice leaves EI by S. oryzae in IRGA 424 cultivar ( Buffon et al, 2016 ). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses this type of photosynthetic analysis to differentiate plant susceptibility and tolerance to a biotic stress.…”

“…To date, there is little information about the damage and economic loss caused by S. oryzae infestation in rice crops, and the available information is usually related to visual effects of the plant. Recently, our group described differentially abundant proteins in rice leaves early infested (EI) ( Buffon et al, 2016 ) and late-infested (LI) ( Blasi et al, 2017 ) by S. oryzae , along with the physiological changes induced by such different mite populations. However, the response variability of distinct rice genotypes to S. oryzae infestation is unknown, and the molecular and physiological changes caused by infestation in resistant/tolerant and susceptible rice cultivars have not yet been elucidated.…”

Unraveling rice tolerance mechanisms againstSchizotetranychus oryzaemite infestation

“…Chlorophyll fluorescence is a non-invasive tool commonly used for determining the behavior of the photosynthetic apparatus of control and abiotic stressed plants (Gururani et al, 2015; Rapacz et al, 2015). Our group previously detected a reduction in Pi ABS , S m , and N parameters (related to the donor and acceptor sides of PSII) in rice leaves early infested by S. oryzae in IRGA 424 cultivar (Buffon et al, 2016). However, to the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that uses this type of photosynthetic analysis to differentiate plant susceptibility and tolerance to a biotic stress.…”

“…To date, there is little information about the damage and economic lost caused by S. oryzae infestation in rice crops, and the available information is usually related to visual effects of the plant. Recently, our group described differentially abundant proteins in rice leaves early infested (Buffon et al, 2016) and late-infested (Blasi et al, 2017) by S. oryzae , along with the physiological changes induced by such different mite populations. However, the molecular and physiological changes caused by S. oryzae infestation in contrastant resistant/tolerant and susceptible rice cultivars have not yet been elucidated.…”

Checkmite!? Is the Resistance to Phytophagous Mites on Short and Stocky Wild Oryza Species?

“…In line with these findings, we previously detected lower expression of three GA biosynthetic pathway-related genes ( OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox3 , and OsGA20ox1 ) in rice leaves infested with the phytophagous mite Schizotetranychus oryzae , when compared with control leaves. The expression of OsAOS (allene oxide synthase), which catalyzes the committed step in JA biosynthesis, was only detected in infested leaves (Buffon et al, 2016 ). Altogether, these results suggest that JA-related responses antagonize the biosynthesis of GA and GA-related responses during herbivory.…”