Physiological and Immunological Effects of AdjuvantedAeromonas salmonicidaVaccines on Juvenile Rainbow Trout

Abstract

The effects of injectable vaccines against Aeromonas salmonicida on oxygen consumption, growth, kidney lysozyme activity, and anti-A. salmonicida plasma antibody titers of juvenile rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were examined. The vaccines were A. salmonicida bacterin only, bacterin adjuvanted with levamisole, bacterin in emulsified oil, microencapsulated bacterin, microencapsulated bacterin with muramyl dipeptide, microencapsulated bacterin with ␤-1,3glucan, and microencapsulated bacterin with Vibrio anguillarum lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The greatest and broadest ranges of responses were caused by the microencapsulated bacterin with V. anguillarum LPS. Oxygen consumption rates and specific growth rates were significantly higher over the course of 1 month among fish treated with the LPS vaccine. These fish also maintained a higher anti-A. salmonicida plasma antibody titer and kidney lysozyme activity for a substantially longer period than fish receiving the other treatments.

Energy deficit does not affect immune responses of experimentally infected pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus)

“…The demonstration that mounting an immune response in pacu is metabolically costly is in line with a previous study [3] showing prolonged elevation in oxygen consumption after vaccination, concomitantly with higher plasma antibody titer and lysozyme activity in this period. Studies have shown the effects of starvation on metabolic and endocrine responses [5,7e9] and on immune response of fish [5,8,10,11]; however, to our knowledge, only one study has focused on the effect of starvation on the immune responses triggered after bacterial exposure [5], as our study did.…”

A novel recombinant bivalent outer membrane protein of Vibrio vulnificus and Aeromonas hydrophila as a vaccine antigen of American eel (Anguilla rostrata)

“…Lysozyme activities in skin mucus kept at the same level between the three groups, this was in accordance with another research [18]. Significant differences were also detected between two vaccinated groups of eels, which suggested these differences in lysozyme were related to immunized antigens [43,44]. It was worth to mention that the lysozyme activity of American eel in serum showed much higher than that in the serum of European eel [14].…”

Immune response of turbot, Psetta maxima (L.) (Pisces: Teleostei), to formalin-killed scuticociliates (Ciliophora) and adjuvanted formulations

“…Thus, whereas live parasites can activate LY, the effect of vaccine formulations or adjuvants is very scarce, and their previous injection does not seem to influence the response of inoculated fish to the challenge with respect to controls. However, in other studies, some bacterins or bacterial ECP have been reported to induce higher LY activity than certain formulations or adjuvants, as in the cases of Aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout [35] and Mycobacterium spp. in Nile tilapia [28].…”