Physiologic Effects of the TASER After Exercise

Vilke, Gary M.; Sloane, Christian; Suffecool, Amanda; Kolkhorst, Fred W.; Neuman, Tom S.; Castillo, Edward M.; Chan, Theodore C.

doi:10.1111/j.1553-2712.2009.00458.x

Cited by 32 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Studies have not shown any clinically significant changes in electrolyte levels or renal function in subjects with up to 15-s CEW activations (9,13,18,20). There have been mild but clinically insignificant elevations in lactate levels with CEW activations.…”

Section: Recommendation 2: Laboratory Testing After Cew Usementioning

confidence: 81%

“…There have been mild but clinically insignificant elevations in lactate levels with CEW activations. However, these have been demonstrated to be of a smaller magnitude relative to other forms of physical exertion with a similar duration (8,10,12,13,18,20). Acid base status has been evaluated and has not shown any significant pH shifts for a 5-s CEW activation (13,18,20).…”

Section: Recommendation 2: Laboratory Testing After Cew Usementioning

confidence: 95%

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Emergency Department Evaluation after Conducted Energy Weapon Use: Review of the Literature for the Clinician

Vilke

Bozeman

Chan

2011

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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Section: Recommendation 2: Laboratory Testing After Cew Usementioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Recommendation 2: Laboratory Testing After Cew Usementioning

confidence: 95%

Emergency Department Evaluation after Conducted Energy Weapon Use: Review of the Literature for the Clinician

Vilke

Bozeman

Chan

2011

The Journal of Emergency Medicine

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“…Esquivel et al [19] also found impaired ventilation in anesthetized swine exposed to a different CEW. Vilke et al [67] suggested that the animals in these studies were ''sedated, anesthetized, and paralyzed'' and that ''compensatory ventilation… cannot take place.'' No paralyzing agents, however, were used in these experiments.…”

Section: Lack Of Effective Respiration: Does It Occur During Cew Applmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeated or long-duration TASER® electronic control device exposures: acidemia and lack of respiration

Jauchem

2009

Forensic Sci Med Pathol

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Conducted energy weapons (CEWs), such as TASER devices, may be applied to subjects in repeated or long-duration modes. Such applications may result in more potentially harmful effects (as reflected in blood factor changes) than shorter exposures. In this review, results from a number of studies of repeated and long-duration CEW exposures in an animal model are examined. Additionally, a few limited investigations of shorter CEW applications to human subjects are considered. Specifically, in anesthetized swine, increased blood acidity (acidemia) and lack of effective respiration were found to be common during or immediately after CEW exposure. The acidemia could have been due to both metabolic and respiratory acidosis. A relatively rapid recovery toward baseline pH levels occurred. The lack of effective respiration has not been verified in experiments of CEW applications to human subjects; however, in some incidents of human deaths after CEW exposures subjects have been reported to stop breathing immediately after the exposure. It is not known if all human subjects exposed to CEW applications in the field (often "on drugs" or "in excited delirium") would be able to maintain adequate breathing. Since a limited number of short CEW applications would be less likely to cause adverse effects, however, CEWs can still be a valuable tool for law enforcement activities.

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“…In experimental studies these discharges increase the respiratory rate (4 breaths per minute), the tidal volume (0.5 L), the minute ventilation (13 L/minute) and the lactate level (1.4 mmol) but do not increase the resting heart rate or blood pressure or cause myocardial ischaemia. Applications of CED increase the heart rate for 60 minutes in subjects who have exercised to "near-exhaustion" and increase the secretion of cortisol for 60 minutes and the secretion of adrenaline and noradrenaline for 10 minutes above baseline in resting subjects [12,13]. Therefore, the effects of CED discharges depend on the experimental design; they can cause a sustained stress response in some subjects.…”

Section: Do Ced Have Physiological Effects In Normal Subjects?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use and safety of conducted electronic devices: what is known?

Nugent¹,

Çevik²

2013

East Mediterr Health J

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Conductive electronic devices (CED), such as Taser ® and stun guns, are sold worldwide for use by security services, although they have also been used for self-defence and even for torture. CED are promoted as non-lethal weapons which can potentially save lives. However, there are multiple reports of deaths temporally associated with CED use. These weapons have definite physiological effects in normal volunteers, especially when accompanied by exertion. Medical examiners often report that deaths followed physical encounters which included the use of CED were due to natural causes, excited delirium and/or drug intoxication. These cases present complex situations in which multiple factors potentially contribute to the death, including electric shocks which cause neuromuscular incapacitation, severe pain and anxiety. Public health officials, physicians and hospital personnel need to be aware that individuals controlled with CED are at increased risk of death. We need better recording of incidents worldwide to understand the extent and outcomes of CED use. Utilisation et sécurité des dispositifs à impulsions électriques : quel est l'état des connaissances ?RÉSUMÉ Les dispositifs à impulsions électriques comme le Taser® et les pistolets à impulsions électriques sont vendus dans le monde entier pour être utilisés par des services de sécurité, mais sont aussi utilisés pour l'auto-défense et même la torture. Ils sont présentés comme des armes non mortelles qui peuvent sauver des vies. Toutefois, de nombreux décès coïncidant avec l'utilisation de ces dispositifs ont été signalés. Ces armes ont des effets physiologiques certains chez des volontaires normaux, en particulier lorsqu'ils sont associés à un effort. Les médecins légistes ont souvent rapporté que les décès suivant des contacts physiques qui comprenaient l'utilisation de dispositifs à impulsions électriques étaient imputables à des causes naturelles, un délire aigu et/ou une intoxication liée à l'utilisation de médicaments et/ou de drogues. Ces cas sont des situations complexes dans lesquelles des facteurs multiples contribuent potentiellement au décès, tels que les chocs électriques à l'origine d'une paralysie neuromusculaire, d'une douleur sévère et d'anxiété. Les responsables de la santé publique, les médecins et le personnel hospitalier doivent être sensibilisés au fait que les personnes neutralisées par des dispositifs à impulsions électriques courent un risque accru de décès. Nous devons améliorer l'enregistrement des incidents dans le monde pour comprendre la portée et les conséquences de l'utilisation des dispositifs à impulsions électriques.

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Physiologic Effects of the TASER After Exercise

Cited by 32 publications

References 27 publications

Emergency Department Evaluation after Conducted Energy Weapon Use: Review of the Literature for the Clinician

Emergency Department Evaluation after Conducted Energy Weapon Use: Review of the Literature for the Clinician

Repeated or long-duration TASER® electronic control device exposures: acidemia and lack of respiration

Use and safety of conducted electronic devices: what is known?

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