Physicochemical properties and toxicities of hydrophobic piperidinium and pyrrolidinium ionic liquids

Abstract

have been measured using a human cancer cell-line. The ILs studied here are sparingly soluble in water but hygroscopic. We show some structure-property relationships that may help to design green solvents for specific applications. While ionic liquids are claimed to be environmentally-benign solvents, as yet few data have been published to support these claims.

Mutual Solubility of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids and Water in Liquid-Liquid Two-phase Systems for Analytical Chemistry

“…222 Recent physicochemical data reported in literature are mainly on ILs that are stable in aqueous media, such as those based on bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. [223][224][225][226][227] 2·1 Mutual solubilities of moderately hydrophobic ILs and water 73,[226][227][228] that is, the linear variation of the logarithm of the solubility of both water and ILs with the alkyl chain length of [Cnmim + ]. The water content does vary with nc (Fig.…”

Phase Equilibria for Binary Systems Containing Ionic Liquid With Water or Hydrocarbons

“…The toxicities of ILs appear to be directly related and are mainly controlled by their lipophilicity. In addition, ILs are potentially toxic and can accumulate in organisms due to their lipophilicity (Ranke et al, 2007;Salminen et al, 2007;Torrecilla et al, 2010;Petkovic et al, 2011). Recent applications of ILs in the oil industry have demonstrated the performance of a set of ILs as demulsifiers during oil-water separation processes (Guzman-Lucero et al 2010;Lemos et al 2010).…”

Comparison of Phytotoxicity of Selected Phosphonium Ionic Liquid

“…Yet the most important feature of ionic liquids is that they provide the possibility of obtaining substances of optimal properties for a given process through the modification of the cation structure and selection of the appropriate anion; therefore, the term designer solvents has been invented for these salts. The unique properties of ionic liquids may bring about a wide range of applications of these substances in all areas of the chemical industry, including catalysis, extraction, synthesis, as well as the pharmaceutical and food industries and electrochemistry and biotechnology [2,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16].…”

“…The quoted literature shows that a likely toxic influence of a ionic liquid is determined by a number of factors, of which the primary role is played the cation type and the length of the substituent in the cation (as a rule, the longer alkyl chain, the higher toxicity). The anion type is not without significance, either; but the concentration of the substance used and the habitat conditions, including the presence of other xenobiotics, and the species features of the organism tested are also all-important [1,4,8,9,15,17,18,21,36,37]. The studies of the potential ecotoxicity of ionic liquids has not only a learning and ecological aspect, which eliminates the risk of failure in the process of issuing permits for industrial use and trade in these substances, but are also important for economic reasons, as they prevent any financial expenditures on the rectification of possible damage in the natural environment [29].…”