In vitro cytotoxicities were measured for ionic liquids (ILs) containing various cations and anions using the MCF7 human breast cancer cell line. We measured the cytotoxicities of ionic liquids containing the cations pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, or imidazolium with various alkyl chain lengths, and the anions bromide, bis(trifluoromethanesulfone)imide (Tf(2)N), trifluoromethylsulfonate (TfO), or nonafluoromethylsulfonate (NfO). Three new hydrophobic, task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs), namely, [MBCNPip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), [MPS(2)Pip](+)[Tf(2)N](-), and [MPS(2)Pyrro](+)[Tf(2)N](-) designed for metal-ion extraction were also evaluated. IC(50) values of the ionic liquids toward the MCF7 cells ranged from 8 microM to 44 mM. The toxicity depended significantly on the nature of the cations and anions, especially when the cations contained a long side chain. TSILs studied in this work were less toxic than the classical ILs.

Extraction of tetrachloroaurate or tetrabromoaurate anions has been carried out at acidic pHs (1 and 4) with several ionic liquids bearing halide or bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide NTf 2 − anions and cations 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium, 1-octylpyridinium or 1-methyl-1-octylpyrrolidinium. The removal of gold anionic moieties from water was first studied by mixing aqueous solutions containing gold complexes and water soluble halide (chloride or bromide) ionic liquids. This lead to the formation of either a solid precipitate or a liquid phase corresponding to a hydrophobic ionic liquid based on a tetrahalogenoaurate anion. Values below 10 −6 for the solubility products of gold-bearing ionic liquids were obtained. Liquidliquid extraction of anionic gold complexes with hydrophobic ionic liquids was also carried out. Gold was successfully extracted from water whatever the pH and the ionic liquid used. Distribution coefficients ranged from 3 × 10 2 to 3 × 10 4 . Investigation on the extraction mechanism revealed an anion exchange between one anionic gold complex and one NTf 2 − anion.− , X representing a chloride or a bromide anion accordingly, is studied using IL. In order to study the influence of the cation ring (size and aromaticity of the ring, charge delocalization) on the removal of

This paper reports the synthesis of some ionic liquids containing cations 1-octylpyridinium [OPYR]+, 1-octyl-2-methylpyridinium [2MOPYR]+, or 1-octyl-4-methylpyridinium [4MOPYR]+ and anions dicyanamide [N(CN)2]-, bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide [Tf2N]-, bis(pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)imide [BETI]-, trifluoromethyl sulfonate [TfO]-, nonafluorobutyl sulfonate [NfO]-, tetrafluoroborate [BF4]-, trifluorophenylborate [BF3Ph]-, tetraphenylborate [BPh4]-, or hexafluoroarsenate [AsF6]-. Melting points, decomposition temperatures, densities, mutual solubilities with water, and viscosities have been measured. Unlike similar ionic liquids containing imidazolium cations, pyridinium ionic liquids studied here are nearly immiscible with water. Viscosities are similar, and water contents are slightly lower than those for ionic liquids containing imidazolium cations.

have been measured using a human cancer cell-line. The ILs studied here are sparingly soluble in water but hygroscopic. We show some structure-property relationships that may help to design green solvents for specific applications. While ionic liquids are claimed to be environmentally-benign solvents, as yet few data have been published to support these claims.

Aqueous-ionic liquid (A-IL) biphasic systems containing deuterated water, deuterated nitric acid (10 À2 M to 7 M) and either [C 1 C 4 im + ][Tf 2 N À ], [C 1 C 10 im + ][Tf 2 N À ] or [Me 3 BuN + ][Tf 2 N À ] have been examined in terms of water and acid solubilities in the IL-rich phase and in terms of IL cation and anion solubilities in the waterrich phase. Other experiments focused on the IL cation and anion solubility in the water-rich phase upon addition of either [C 1 C 4 im + ][Cl À ] or [Li + ][Tf 2 N À ]. The results evidence a complex interplay between all negatively and positively charged ions of the samples that could be described following the usual approach used for aqueous-aqueous (A-A) biphasic systems. Other examples from the literature are discussed and demonstrate that the frontier between A-A and A-IL systems is questionable. Predictions are made for the extraction of metallic ions by use of biphasic systems in this work that are successfully compared to literature data.

Extraction of dilute metal ions from water was performed near room temperature with a Extractions were also performed with four new task-specific ionic liquids. Such liquids containing a disulfide functional group are efficient and selective for mercury and copper, whereas those containing a nitrile functional group are efficient and selective for silver and palladium.

The first instance of an acidic aqueous biphasic system (AcABS) based on tributyltetradecyl phosphonium chloride ([P ][Cl]) and an acid is here reported. This AcABS exhibits pronounced thermomorphic behavior and is shown to be applicable to the extraction of metal ions from concentrated acidic solutions. Metal ions such as cobalt(II), iron(III), platinum(IV) and nickel(II) are found to partition preferentially to one of the phases of the acidic aqueous biphasic system and it is here shown that it successfully allows the difficult separation of Co from Ni , here studied at 24 and 50 °C.

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