Physicochemical characteristics of ozonated sunflower oils obtained by different procedures

Abstract

Two ozonation procedures for sunflower oils at different applied ozone dosages were carried out. Ozone was obtained from medicinal oxygen and from air. Peroxide, acidity, and iodine indexes, along with density, viscosity and antimicrobial activity were determined. The fatty acid compositions of the samples were analyzed using GC. The content of oxygen was determined using an elemental analysis. Electronic Paramagnetic Resonance was used to measure the organic free radicals. The reactions were achieved up to peroxide index values of 658 and 675 mmolequiv kg<sup>–1</sup> using medicinal oxygen and air for 5 and 8 hours, respectively. The samples of ozonized sunflower oil did not present organic free radicals, which is a very important issue if these oils are to be used as drugs. The ozonation reaction is more rapid with medicinal oxygen (5 hours) than with air (8 hours). Ozonized sunflower oil with oxygen as an ozone source was obtained with high potential for antimicrobial activity.<br><br>Se ha aplicado dos procedimientos de ozonización a aceites de girasol a diferentes dosis de ozono, obteniendo el ozono a partir de oxígeno medicinal y de aire. Se han determinado los índices de peróxido, yodo y acidez conjuntamente con la densidad, viscosidad y la actividad antimicrobiana. La composición de ácidos grasos fue analizada mediante CG. El contenido de oxígeno fue determinado mediante Análisis Elemental. Se utilizó la resonancia paramagnética electrónica para medir los radicales libres orgánicos. Las reacciones fueron realizadas hasta valores de índice de peróxidos de 658 y 675 mmol-equiv kg<sup>–1</sup> usando oxígeno medicinal y aire durante 5 y 8 horas, respectivamente. Las muestras de aceite de girasol ozonizado no presentaron radicales libres orgánicos, lo cual es muy importante en el caso de que estos aceites sean utilizados en medicina. La reacción de ozonización es más rápida cuando se utiliza oxígeno medicinal (5 horas) que el aire (8 horas). El aceite de girasol ozonizado con oxígeno como fuente de ozono presentó mayor potencial de actividad antimicrobiana

Ozonated Oils as Antimicrobial Systems in Topical Applications. Their Characterization, Current Applications, and Advances in Improved Delivery Techniques

“…Moreover, the use of medical grade oxygen may be a possible means to avoid the production of potentially toxic nitrated by-products, formed via the nitrogen content in air, with a collateral decrease in ozonation efficiency [18]. Medical oxygen has been reported to be highly efficient, by Díaz et al in sunflower oil ozonation [19]. It was reported that air and medicinal oxygen, for 8 and 5 h respectively, gave very similar peroxide index values (about 660 mmol/kg) and no decreases in the antimicrobial activity of the ozonated oils was observed.…”

“…As an index of acidity level, this parameter allows the formation of the degradation by-products to be monitored during the oil ozonation process. In fact, the ozonides and aldehydes that derive from the hydrolysis reactions of the oxygenated products increase the acidity of the medium [19]. The acid value is calculated using the following equation:…”

Ethyl Oleate and Ethyl Elaidate Ozonides: Thermal Decomposition and Photolysis

“…Secondary ozonides of fatty acids were subjected to intensive studies (de Almeida et al, 2012;Díaz et al 2001Díaz et al , 2003Díaz et al , 2005aDíaz et al , 2005bDíaz et al , 2006Díaz et al , 2008Díaz et al , 2012Díaz Gómez et al 2004;Ledea et al 2001;Martinez Tellez et al 2006;Sadowska et al 2008;Sega et al 2010) because of their relative stability and their potential and current application as compounding ingredients in antiseptic preparations; e.g., in topical application in cosmetics (Cirlini et al 2012;de Almeida et al 2012;Ledea et al 2001). However, the interest in secondary ozonides is not limited to those derived from fatty acids but also embraces medicinal chemistry, since certain ozonides were found to display antimalarial (de Almeida- Barbosa et al 1996;Dong 2002;Kumar et al 2011;O'Neill and Posner 2004) and antihelmintic (Keiser and Utzinger 2007) activity.…”

Synthesis, characterization, thermal behavior, and biological activity of ozonides from vegetable oils

“…5 However, a recent study suggested that not only the ozonation grade is important to improve the healing process of the wound but also the typical composition of the oil. 2 Ozonated oils from sunflower, olive, sesame, soybean and linseed oils are the most extensively studied with respect to their biological [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] and physicochemical 5,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19] properties. Other products, such as ozonated grape seed 19 , theobroma 20 , coconut 21 , jojoba 22 , rapeseed and corn 23 oils have also been investigated.…”

“…Therefore, knowledge of the dynamics of by-product formation is essential to measure the degree of ozonation required to obtain the desired therapeutic effects. 19 Spectroscopic techniques of NMR ( 1 H and 13C ) and infrared [13][14][15][16]18 have been extensively used for characterization of these ozonated oils, associated with simple analytical techniques such as peroxide value, [14][15][16][17][18] iodine value, 16,17 viscosity determination, 13,[15][16][17] and chromatography. 15,18 Thermal analysis can be a suitable technique for studing the physical and chemical properties of ozonated oils as raw material or as ingredients in pharmaceutical and cosmetic formulations.…”