This review presents innovative extraction techniques and their role in promoting sustainable ingredients for the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

Citrus is a major processed crop that results in large quantities of wastes and by-products rich in various bioactive compounds such as pectins, water soluble and insoluble antioxidants and essential oils. While some of those wastes are currently valorised by various technologies (yet most are discarded or used for feed), effective, non-toxic and profitable extraction strategies could further significantly promote the valorisation and provide both increased profits and high quality bioactives. The present review will describe and summarize the latest works concerning novel and greener methods for valorisation of citrus by-products. The outcomes and effectiveness of those technologies such as microwaves, ultrasound, pulsed electric fields and high pressure is compared both to conventional valorisation technologies and between the novel technologies themselves in order to highlight the advantages and potential scalability of these so-called “enabling technologies”. In many cases the reported novel technologies can enable a valorisation extraction process that is “greener” compared to the conventional technique due to a lower energy consumption and reduced utilization of toxic solvents.

The extraction from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) of the phenolic diterpene antioxidants (PDAs), carnosic acid and carnosol, by sonication or Soxhlet extraction with acetone (with or without active charcoal bleaching) are compared with fractionated SFE extraction obtained by varying the dissolving power of supercritical carbon dioxide through the addition of methanol. For the further analysis of the PDAs, the results obtained by reversed‐phase HPLC linked to a UV detector are compared with those produced when an evaporative light scattering detector or a particle beam interface linked to an MS were employed. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The search for a wide spectrum of antimicrobial agents that can avoid resistance while maintaining reasonable side effects has led to ozonated oils experiencing an increase in scientific interest and clinical applications. The treatment of vegetable oils with ozone leads to the creation of a reservoir of ozone that slowly releases into the skin thanks to the fact that ozone can be held as ozonides of unsaturated fatty acids. Interest in the use of ozonated oils has meant that several ozonated-vegetable-oil-containing products have been commercialized as cosmetic and pharmaceutical agents, and in innovative textile products with antibacterial activity. New approaches to the delivery of ozonated oils have very recently appeared in an attempt to improve their characteristics and reduce drawbacks, such as an unpleasant odor, high viscosity and undesired effects on skin, including irritation and rashes. The present review focuses on the current status of delivery agents that use ozonated oils as antimicrobial agents in topical (dermal, skin, and soft tissues) treatments. Challenges and future opportunities for these delivery systems will also be discussed.

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The use of zero-waste processes to integrate food-waste valorisation into the circular economy equation is currently one of the hottest topics in sustainability research. This goal is still far from being fully achieved despite the release of a number of patents and papers that deal with the topic. The present work aims to valorise cocoa shells, one of the main by-product of the roasting process, in order to enhance the effective extraction of high added value compounds by means of green protocols. The high potential added value of the residual waste has been demonstrated via a direct analytical comparison of extracts and bean composition. A range of raw matrix extraction procedures have been investigated in order to define the best solvent and technology; ultrasound (US) and hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) were compared with conventional methods. The high-energy microenvironments generated by cavitation substantially promote fast biomass deconstruction with low energy consumption. The optimized protocol couples

This review deals with the applications of cyclodextrins (CDs) to food manufacture, focusing on the technical advantages of their use in food processing and as food additives. Their beneficial effects essentially derive from the ability to form stable inclusion complexes with sensitive lipophilic nutrients and constituents of flavor and taste. Toxicological data are examined and an assessment of CDs from the standpoint of safety for human consumption is made. Regulations are covered, showing a general trend towards a wider acceptance of CDs as food additives. The growing health consciousness of consumers and expanding market for functional foods and nutraceutical products are opening up to CDs a promising future in food industry.

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