This study demonstrates the adhesion of macrophages to polymer beads from a copolymer of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate intraperitoneally injected into the rat. Dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate exhibited a stimulatory effect on macrophage adhesion 5 h after injection of the beads. Electron microscopy demonstrated protein adsorption on the surface of the beads. Protein fibres between the cell surface and beads were observed. The experimental system used minimizes the influence of tissue damage at macrophage recognition of polymers. This method seems to be suitable for short-term investigation of macrophage-polymer interaction.
IntroductionThe chemical structure of polymers, and especially their surface properties, strongly influence their biological properties, including the effect on macrophages behaviour [1,2]. Our previous studies demonstrated a remarkable effect of the functional chemical groups in certain polymeric matrices on the adhesion, spreading and fusion of macrophages on the surface of subcutaneously implanted polymers. Anionic groups were found to have an inhibitory influence on these parameters (-COOH >-SO3H ) while cationic groups stimulate macrophage fusion [3][4][5]. Cationized albumin is more actively internalized by macrophages than untreated albumin and anionic sugars of the macrophage surface were identified as the binding site for cationic molecules [6]. This effect of cationic molecules on macrophage biology was supported by the observation that polyamines are efficient activators of macrophage function [7].The explanation of the stimulatory effect of cationic molecules on macrophage function is not clear. Bacterial cells with sialic or polysialic acid anionic coat are only poor activators of complement, and the ability of macrophages to engulf and kill these bacteria is minimal [8]. These bacterial strains are usually highly pathogenic, in contrast to the unsialiled strains of the same species.Our previous studies with subcutaneously implanted polymers were able to demonstrate only the relatively late response, because the early observations were influenced by surgical trauma [3][4][5]. This paper considers the behaviour during the first 5 h after intraperitoneal injection of beads of a copolymer containing an increased concentration of dimethyl amino-