Physico-chemical analysis of pyrolyzed bio-oil from swietenia macrophylla (mahogany) wood

Abstract

The Swietenia macrophylla wood used for the study was sun dried for about 48 h, pulverized using a hammer mill and then sieved to a particle size of about 425μm using Wiley milling machine. The prepared materials were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed pyrolysis reactor in the temperature range from 425 to 500 °C. The product yields were collected at an interval of 25 °C. The maximum yield of bio-oil was recorded as 69.5wt.% at the pyrolysis temperature of 450 °C. The physicochemical properties and compositions of the feed materials and produced bio-oil were measured in order to quantify their potential for bio-energy use and industrial applications. The properties specifically measured include density, moisture content, ash content, pH, refractive index, cetane index, elemental composition, viscosity, and heating values. The ultimate analysis of the product showed that the contents of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, and sulfur were 50.2%, 42.6%, 6.6%, <0.4% and <0.06% respectively. The viscosity, density, pH, moisture content, API gravity, ash content, HHV and LHV of bio-oil produced were found to be 4.6 mm 2 /s, 0.951 g/ml, 5.64, 21.4wt.%, 19.29, 0.15wt%, 29.52 MJ/kg and 28.08 MJ/kg respectively. These values were found to be in the ranges of values reported in the literature for bio-oils produced from biomass. The produced bio-oil had the much needed organic compounds typical of other woody biomass employed in commercial bio-oil manufacture. These compounds were classified into several groups; organic acids, ketones, phenols, alcohols, and aldehydes. The main components identified in the bio-oil are the aromatic and aliphatic compounds as well as carboxyl groups. The GCMS analysis of the product indicated the presence of 24 compounds which are useful as industrial chemicals and flammable gases: they include alkanes, alkenes, phenols, hydrogen, and levoglucosan. This study on bio-oil has demonstrated that mahogany wood is a useful biomass for the much sort potential fossil fuel substitute and finds vast application in the biofuel industry.

Biogas Yielding Potential of Maize Chaff Inoculated with Cow Rumen and Its Characterization

“…The majority of functional groups were identified by researchers working with other biomass classes. [3,31,5,6] and their classifications are similar to those reported in this study. These results indicate the presence of hydrocarbons, alcohols, ethers and phenolic compounds which suggest that the feedstocks can be used as biogas and fertilizers industries.…”

“…Over the years the world has largely depended on non-renewable energy as primary energy source which produces excessive emission leading to global warming, environmental degradation, and human health problems and whose fossil input is in decline [1,2]. In Nigeria, the cost of energy for domestic, commercial and industrial use has risen astronomically in the past few years [2,3]. Hence, the global call for alternative source of energy that is non-polluting, cheap and sustainable to reduce the over dependence on fossil fuel.…”

“…Tropical regions which include Nigeria have very high biomass productivity compared to other regions [1,9]. Large amount of biomass waste is generating every year from agricultural, forestry, food, and other industries [10,3]. As a result, there is an opportunity to improve the sustainability of energy production in tropical regions by converting this locally abundant biomass waste into biofuel products using anaerobic digestion [11,12,13].…”

Esterification of Bio-Oil Produced from Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Wood Using Indonesian Natural Zeolites

“…Despite of other drawbacks, the bio-oil should have a good fluidity to meet the minimum requirement as a liquid fuel. The density and viscosity of the bio-oils produced through the pyrolysis of Sengon wood at temperatures of 500-650 o C showed a quite good fluidity (Chukwuneke et al, 2019) indicated by the values of density and viscosity listed in Table 1. However, the value of the bio-oil density was higher than that of commercial (diesel and gasoline) fuels, i.e., 0.85 mg/L and 0.70-0.75 mg/L, respectively (Speight, 2011).…”

Optimisation of Composite Briquette Made From Sawdust / Rice Husk Using Starch and Clay Binder

“…Numerous tonnes of agricultural residue are produced annually in Nigeria; sugar cane bagasse, rice husk, maize stalk, groundnut shell, palm kernel shell, etc., which pose an environmental hazard and result in air pollution when burnt-off [3][4] [5]. Maybe some of these agricultural residue can be used and they have values [6] [7]. It is possible to turn agricultural processing of these residue into useful products; briquettes that provide essential domestic energy replacement sources (i.e., cooking fuel).…”