Esterification of Bio-Oil Produced from Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Wood Using Indonesian Natural Zeolites

Kadarwati, Sri; Apriliani, Evalisa; Annisa, Riska Nurfirda; Jumaeri, Jumaeri; Cahyono, Edy; Wahyuni, Sri

doi:10.14710/ijred.2021.35970

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 52 publications

(40 reference statements)

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“…According to Hartanto et al [24], Lewis acid sites and Brønsted acid sites are present at 1442-1419 cm -1 and 1650-1620 cm -1 , respectively. Kadarwati et al [25] also obtained the Brønsted acid sites and Lewis's acid sites at 1650-1620 cm -1 and 1401.25 cm -1 , respectively, for the natural zeolite used for the bio-oil pyrolysis. Nickel oxide catalyst is found at 671.23 cm -1 wavenumbers, whereas the peak for the H-Zeolite is not present.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2021

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Crude biodiesel is biodiesel that still contains impurities. A catalytic can improve the quality of biohydrocarbons (biogasoline, biokerosene, and green diesel). The catalyst used is nickel oxide impregnated natural zeolite (NiO/Zeolite). The use of nickel can increase the activity of the catalyst because it has an empty d orbital and a smaller molecular size. This study aims to determine the best catalyst that can exhibit the greatest selectivity toward biohydrocarbons. Natural zeolite was activated and impregnated by varying the concentration of NiO (1, 3, and 5% w/w). The characteristics of the catalyst were determined by the crystallinity (X-Ray Diffraction), surface area (Surface Area Analyzer), and functional group (Fourier Transform Infrared). The catalyst and crude biodiesel were put in an autoclave reactor and operated at a temperature of 375°C and 3 hours. The obtained product was tested with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy. The results of the XRD analysis showed the presence of NiO at 2θ 37.23; 43.15; and 62.65°. Nickel oxide on the catalyst was detected at a wavenumber of 671.23 cm‑1. The highest surface area was obtained at a NiO/Zeolite 1% of 49.4 m2/g. 1% NiO/Zeolite catalysts gave the best results on catalytic cracking of crude biodiesel with a reaction conversion of 60.79% and selectivity of 9,73%; 29,64% and 9,18% for biogasoline, biokerosene, and green diesel, respectively.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2021

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“…Selain zeolit alam Bayah, zeolit alam Indonesia yang berasal dari Wonosari Yogyakarta juga telah digunakan sebagai katalis pada reaksi esterifikasi bio-oil. Zeolit yang telah diaktivasi menggunakan larutan HF, HCl, dan NH4Cl ini dilaporkan mampu menurunkan angka asam bio-oil yang diproduksi dari pirolisis cepat serbuk gergaji kayu sengon secara signifikan (Kadarwati et al, 2021).…”

Section: Zeolit Alam Indonesia Sebagai Materials Katalis Unggul Untuk...unclassified

Zeolit Alam Indonesia Sebagai Kandidat Katalis Asam Padat Yang Unggul Untuk Proses Upgrading Bio-Oil Melalui Teknik Esterifikasi

Kadarwati¹,

Annisa²,

Apriliani³

2022

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Isu lingkungan dan ketersedian bahan bakar berbasis fosil yang semakin menipis mendorong upaya-upaya eksplorasi sumbersumber energi baru terbarukan yang bersifat lebih ramah lingkungan. Biomassa sebagai salah satu sumber energi terbarukan sangat potensial untuk dieksplorasi dan dikonversi menjadi bahan bakar cair melalui proses pirolisis menjadi bio-oil. Namun sayangnya, bio-oil tidak dapat langsung digunakan sebagai bahan bakar mesin berteknologi tinggi, seperti mesin kendaraan bermotor, diantaranya karena keasamannya yang tinggi, bersifat tidak stabil dan nilai kalor yang rendah. Upaya peningkatan kualitas bio-oil terus diteliti dan dikembangkan. Beberapa proses upgrading bio-oil seperti pembentukan emulsi dan penambahan pelarut, hydrocracking, hydrotreatment, steam reforming, dan reaksi dalam supercritical fluids telah diteliti dan dikembangkan. Esterifikasi merupakan salah satu teknik upgrading bio-oil yang sederhana, murah dan cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan kualitas bio-oil. Pada bab ini, upgrading bio-oil melalui teknik esterifikasi katalitik didiskusikan secara rinci. Beberapa katalis baik homogen maupun heterogen yang digunakan dalam proses esterifikasi biooil baik bio-oil riil maupun senyawa-senyawa model juga dijelaskan. Selain itu, penggunaan katalis berbasis zeolit yang terfokus pada zeolit alam Indonesia dikaji potensi dan keunggulannya secara mendalam.

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“…SSGT Zeolite, Indonesia. The natural zeolite was prepared as previously reported [24]. Briefly, the natural zeolite with a particle size range of 100 -120 μm was activated using sequent chemical and physical activation method.…”

Section: Preparation and Characterisation Of A Tca-modified Indonesia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The natural zeolite was chemically treated using 1 % HF, 6 N HCl and 1 N NH4Cl solutions (prepared from 50 % HF, 37 % HCl, and solid NH4Cl, obtained from E. Merck, respectively) in a sequence. This chemical activation was followed with a physical activation, i.e., calcination of the natural zeolite sample at 500 °C under nitrogen atmosphere to produce "H-zeolite" catalyst [24].…”

Section: Preparation and Characterisation Of A Tca-modified Indonesia...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several solid acid catalysts such as ion exchange resins [12], modified zirconia [13,14], Amberlysts [15][16][17], acid modified rice husk ash [18], and heteropoly acids [19] have been used as a catalyst in the esterification of the "real" bio-oil as well as model compounds mimicking bio-oil. In addition, zeolite-based catalysts have been reported to show a great potential as a catalyst for esterification of bio-oil [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Catalytic Activity of TCA-Modified Indonesian Natural Zeolite During the Esterification of Sengon Wood Bio-Oil

et al. 2022

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The bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of biomass is highly corrosive due to the high content of organic acids. These organic acids could be removed through an appropriate upgrading process, i.e., esterification using alcohols to form less polar esters. In this study, the bio-oil used as the feedstock in the esterification was produced from the pyrolysis of Sengon wood with a particle size of 297 µm at 600 °C. The esterification was performed at 70 °C in the presence of a trichloro acetic acid (TCA)-modified Indonesian H-zeolite catalyst with various weight ratios of bio-oil-to-methanol and reaction times under a constant stirring rate of 500 rpm. The esterification progress was indicated by the decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil after esterification. No significant coke formation (< 0.05 wt%) was observed indicating that the suppression of repolymerisation could be achieved. This study showed that the esterification underwent in a fast rate, indicated by the decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil by 47.85 % only over a 15-min esterification. Compared to the uncatalysed esterification, the TCA/zeolite-catalysed esterification showed a higher decrease in the total acid number of the bio-oil up to 65.83 %, due to the conversion of the carboxylic acids to esters. HIGHLIGHTS The TCA-modified Indonesian natural zeolite catalyst has been successfully prepared The presence of the TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite during the esterification of bio-oil produced from the pyrolysis of Sengon wood could greatly suppress the severe repolymerisation leading to coke formation The TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite-catalysed esterification of Sengon bio-oil underwent in a fast rate The TCA/Indonesian natural zeolite catalyst showed a good performance in this study in comparison with the uncatalysed esterification GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

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Esterification of Bio-Oil Produced from Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) Wood Using Indonesian Natural Zeolites

Cited by 5 publications

References 52 publications

Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

Catalytic Cracking of Crude Biodiesel into Biohydrocarbon Using Natural Zeolite Impregnated Nickel Oxide Catalyst

Zeolit Alam Indonesia Sebagai Kandidat Katalis Asam Padat Yang Unggul Untuk Proses Upgrading Bio-Oil Melalui Teknik Esterifikasi

The Catalytic Activity of TCA-Modified Indonesian Natural Zeolite During the Esterification of Sengon Wood Bio-Oil

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