“…Recently, many research works have been conducted to determine ways to decrease friction and wear using other types of composite materials, lubricants and even coatings for applications in tribology (Findik, 2014; Li et al , 2011; Bakry et al , 2013; Kato, 2000; Ghassemiah, 2011; Yoon et al , 1997; Abdollah et al , 2010, 2012; Zhou et al , 2005; Abdollah et al , 2014). Previous studies found that carbon-based materials can perform as a self-lubricating material when strengthened with different materials (Baradeswaran and Perumal, 2014; Sharma et al , 1998; Zhai et al , 2014; Gomes et al , 2001; Baradeswaran and Perumal, 2014; Kumar and Wani, 2017; Zamri and Shamsul, 2011; Zamri et al , 2010; Mat Tahir et al , 2016; Chua et al , 2014).…”