“…The modification of surfaces includes surface treatments, textures and coatings (Bressan and Daros, 2008;Singh et al, 2011;Abdollah et al, 2012;Batzill, 2012;Findik, 2014;Mohmad et al, 2017;Saiful Badri et al, 2017). Allotropes of carbon, especially activated carbon, graphite and carbon nano-tubes, have been recorded as excellent anti-friction and wear materials (Fontaine et al, 2001;Brostow et al, 2010;Zamri and Shamsul, 2011;Prabu et al, 2012;Nirmal et al, 2015;Mat Tahir et al, 2016;Mahmud et al, 2017;Wang et al, 2017).…”