Physical and Mathematical Modelling of Steelmaking Tundish Operations: A Review of the Last Decade (1999–2009)

Abstract

A great number of research articles on the physical and mathematical modelling of tundish operation have been reported in the literature. Mazumdar and Guthrie 1) summarized a large portion of these in a review article in ISIJ published in 1999. Because of the growing importance of tundish metallurgy and stringent demands regarding steel quality, a lot of further work has been done on tundish technology from1999 till date. This review summarizes the basics of physical modelling, mathematical modelling and the work of different researchers around the globe in the last decade i.e. 1999 to 2009. Current trends in research have been reviewed and critiqued.

Physical and Mathematical Modeling of Multiphase Flows in a Converter

“…Hence, physical modeling and mathematical modeling are frequently applied in conjunction, as it is usually difficult to derive validation dataset from industrial operations. 89) Detailed information will be discussed in the subsequent sections.…”

A Study on the Nonmetallic Inclusion Motions in a Swirling Flow Submerged Entry Nozzle in a New Cylindrical Tundish Design

“…For the inclusion motion in tundish, studies have been carried out to investigate the inclusion removal under the effects of various factors such as flow control devices, tundish geometries, gas bubbling rates, and inclusion sizes. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] After inclusions move from the tundish into the SEN, their deposition on the SEN wall can lead to nozzle clogging. In order to understand the deposition location and mechanism, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies have been carried out to investigate the inclusion transport in turbulent steel flows and its deposition on the SEN walls.…”

Numerical and physical modelling of tundish slag entrainment in the steelmaking process

“…This is evident in the lack of mentions of slag entrainment as a result of the use of FCDs in the review of two decades of work (1979 to 1999) by Mazumdar and Guthri (1999). In a more recent review of work on tundish technology from 1989 to 2009, Chattopadhyay, Isac, and Guthri (2010) noted the lack of research on how FCDs affect the slag phase, and pointed out the lack of both physical and numerical models to predict tundish slag entrainment. There is, therefore, a general lack of understanding on how tundish slag is entrained and how FCDs affect the slag layer.…”

“…These studies were aimed at improving the flow characteristics in the tundish (Chattopadhyay, Isac, and Guthri, 2010;Cloete, 2014;Jha, Dash, and Kumar, 2001;Jha, Rao, and Dewan, 2008;Kumar, Koria, and Mazumdar, 2007;Kumar, Mazumdar, and Koria, 2008;Mazumdar and Guthri, 1999;Sahai and Emi, 1996;Sahai and Burval, 1992; Tripathi and Ajmani, 2011). These studies have led to the use of flow control devices (FCDs) to increase the melt residence time in the tundish and provide surface-directed flow so as to assist with inclusion removal.…”

“…how the FCD affects the melt residence time. Most researchers opted to use only water in their physical and numerical models (Chattopadhyay, Isac, and Guthri, 2010;Cloete, 2014; Numerical and physical modelling of tundish slag entrainment in the steelmaking process by A. Mabentsela*, G. Akdogan*, and S. Bradshaw* Physical and numerical modelling methods were followed to identify mechanism(s) for tundish slag entrainment in a bare tundish and one with a flow control device (FCD).The physical and numerical models made use of water and paraffin to model steel and slag respectively. Observations from the physical model showed that the steel-slag interface remains immobile in both cases.…”