Physical Activity May Modulate Effects of ApoE Genotype on Lipid Profile

Abstract

Abstract-Increased levels of physical activity may improve the lipid profile, but is this effect identical across apolipoprotein E (apoE) genotypes? A population-based cross-sectional survey conducted from 1999 to 2000 included 1708 randomly selected men and women aged 35 to 74 years. A validated physical activity questionnaire measured, for each participant, the total energy expenditure and its percentage used in high-intensity activities (%high-intensity activity), eg, brisk walking and sports. The effects of the apoEϫ%high-intensity activity interaction on the lipid profile were investigated by using multiple linear regression models. Among men, increased %high-intensity activity had greater protective effects in the apoE4 group regarding (1) high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (PϽ0.001), compared with either the apoE2 (interaction Pϭ0.05) or apoE3 (interaction PϽ0.03) groups, and (2)

Aerobic fitness modulates the association between APOE genotypes and serum lipemia in adolescents

“…These findings have been reported in other study (Byrd-Williams et al, 2008), suggesting that, among girls, others factors may be more important determinant to increase adiposity levels, like nutritional ones, because poor eating habits are more prevalent among girls than boys (Neutzling, Assunção, Malcon, Hallal, & Menezes, 2010 Hagberg et al, 1999). As reported for adults with increased physical activity level (Bernstein et al, 2002), these findings suggest a greater increase of HDL cholesterol in adolescents carrying ε4 and ε3 alleles in response to improved aerobic fitness when compared to those with ε2 allele. However, no effect of the interaction between physical activity and the APOE gene on HDL cholesterol has been seen in young people (Taimela et al, 1996).…”

“…Lower HDL cholesterol concentrations have been observed in physically active men with ε2 allele when compared to those with ε4 allele (Corella et al, 2001). Similar concentrations have been detected 11.0%) (Bernstein et al, 2002) and French (8.0%, 80.0%, and 12.0%) (Marques-Vidal et al,2003) population. Furthermore, no difference in allele or genotype frequency was observed between genders, in agreement with other studies (Correla et al, 2001;França et al, 2004;Nascimento et al, 2009).…”

“…In children and adolescents, the interaction between physical activity and the APOE gene exerted no effect on triglyceride levels (Taimela et al, 1996). Furthermore, the results of investigations comparing triglyceride responses to physical activity between the different APOE alleles are not consistent, with some studies demonstrating a reduction of triglyceride levels in carriers of alleles ε2, ε3 (Leon et al, 2004) and ε4 (Bernstein et al, 2002), whereas no difference between alleles was reported in another study (Thompson et al, 2004).…”

“…The major alleles are called epsilon two (ε2), three (ε3) and four (ε4) and are important modulators of serum lipemia. In general, individuals carrying the ε2 allele present lower serum concentrations of TC and LDL (Alvim et al, 2010;Bernstein et al, 2002;Corella et al, 2001;França, Alves, & Hutz, 2004;Nghiem et al, 2004) whereas the opposite is observed for those carrying ε4 allele (Bernstein et al, 2002;Corella et al, 2001; Medina-Urrutia, Cardoso-Saldaña, ZamoraGonzález, Liria, & Posadas-Romero, 2004;Nascimento et al, 2009). The association between APOE alleles and lipemia seems to be influenced by physical activity levels.…”

Indigenous Peoples of Northern Russia: Anthropology and Health

“…Such differences between representatives of "modernized" and "traditional" communities could have been interpreted in favour of the idea that natives are "naturally protected" against the "diseases of civilization," but for one reservation: in physically active representatives of the modern urban population, the lipid profile does not depend on the apoE genotype (Bernstein et al, 2002). In other words, the individual's high level of physical activity balances the negative action of protein APOE.…”