Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Men With Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease

Wannamethee, SG; Shaper, A. G.; Walker, Mary

doi:10.1161/01.cir.102.12.1358

Cited by 248 publications

(161 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…40,41 This is important because, for a long time, rest and physical inactivity had been recommended for patients with heart disease. Unlike studies of primary prevention, many studies of secondary prevention are RCTs (see Appendix 2, available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi /content/full/174/6/801/DC1).…”

Section: Secondary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Warburton¹

2006

Canadian Medical Association Journal

6,031

4,137

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P hysical inactivity is a modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and a widening variety of other chronic diseases, including diabetes mellitus, cancer (colon and breast), obesity, hypertension, bone and joint diseases (osteoporosis and osteoarthritis), and depression.1-14 The prevalence of physical inactivity (among 51% of adult Canadians) is higher than that of all other modifiable risk factors. 15 In this article we review the current evidence relating to physical activity in the primary and secondary prevention of premature death from any cause, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers and osteoporosis. We also discuss the evidence relating to physical fitness and musculoskeletal fitness and briefly describe the independent effects of frequency and intensity of physical activity. (A glossary of terms related to the topic appears in Appendix 1). In a companion paper, to be published in the Mar. 28 issue, we will review how to evaluate the healthrelated physical fitness and activity levels of patients and will provide exercise recommendations for health.Several authors have attempted to summarize the evidence in systematic reviews and meta-analyses. These evaluations are often overlapping (reviewing the same evidence). Some of the most commonly cited cohorts have been described in different studies over time as more data accumulate (see Appendix 2, available online at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/174/6 /801/DC1). In this review, we searched the literature using the key words "physical activity," "health," "health status," "fitness," "exercise," "chronic disease," "mortality" and diseasespecific terms (e.g., "cardiovascular disease," "cancer," "diabetes" and "osteoporosis"). Using our best judgment, we selected individual studies that were frequently included in systematic reviews, consensus statements and meta-analyses and considered them as examples of the best evidence available. We also have included important new findings regarding the relation between physical activity and fitness and allcause and cardiovascular-related mortality. All-cause and cardiovascular-related death Primary preventionSince the seminal work of Morris and colleagues in the 1950s16,17 and the early work of Paffenbarger and colleagues in the 1970s, 18,19 there have been numerous long-term prospective follow-up studies (mainly involving men but more recently women also) that have assessed the relative risk of death from any cause and from specific diseases (e.g., carciovascular disease) associated with physical inactivity. 6,20-26Both men and women who reported increased levels of physical activity and fitness were found to have reductions in relative risk (by about 20%-35% 27,28) of death (see Appendix 2, available at www.cmaj.ca/cgi/content/full/174/6/801/DC1). For example, in a study involving healthy middle-aged men and women followed up for 8 years, the lowest quintiles of physical fitness, as measured on an exercise treadmill, were associated with an increased risk of death from any cause compared with the top quin...

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Section: Secondary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Warburton¹

2006

Canadian Medical Association Journal

6,031

4,137

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“…The positive impact of regular PA on mortality in CHD patients has been examined in observational and case-control studies; establishing PA as one of the principal modifiers of mortality risk. 90,91 In the early era of CR, two pilot meta-analyses, which involved 10 to 22 randomized clinical trials and >4000 participants revealed that ET-based CR was associated with significant reductions in all-cause and CVD mortality of ~20%-25% as compared with usual care. 92,93 However, these early studies primarily included smaller trials that involved mostly middle-aged male post-MI survivors.…”

Section: Impact Of Cr On Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Kachur

Chongthammakun

Lavie

et al. 2017

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases

128

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“…[1][2][3][4] Walking, one of the major moderate-intensity physical activities, has been a widely accepted means for promoting the adoption of physically active lifestyles among adults across the all ages. Previous epidemiologic studies, therefore, used the time spent walking, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] as well as walking pace 12,13 or distance walked, 14,15 as an indicator of physical activity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[6][7][8][9] However, few evidence exist for the Japanese population. Two studies in Japan demonstrated an inverse relation between time spent walking and all-cause mortality among men and women aged 40 years and older.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Walking and Mortality in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study

Fujita

Takahashi

Miura

et al. 2004

Journal of Epidemiology

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BACKGROUND: Although many studies in western populations demonstrated that time spent walking was associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality, data on Japanese has been sparse. METHODS: In 1990, 20,004 men and 21,159 women in Miyagi Prefecture in rural northern Japan (40-64 year of age) completed a self-administered questionnaire including a question on time spent walking. Cox regression was used to estimate relative risk (RR) of mortality according to three levels of walking (30 minutes or less, between 30 minutes and one hour, and one hour or more), with adjustment for age, education, marital status, past history of diseases, smoking, drinking, body mass index, and dietary variables. During 11 years of follow-up, 1,879 subjects had died. RESULTS: Time spent walking was inversely associated with risk of all-cause mortality: compared with men and women who walked one hour or more per day, multivariate RR (95% confidence intervals) was 1.06 (0.95-1.19) for subjects who walked between 30 minutes and one hour per day, and 1.16 (1.04-1.29) for subjects who walked 30 minutes or less per day (P for trend=0.007). Shorter duration of walking was associated with increased mortality among men who were never smokers (P for trend=0.081) and past smokers (P for trend=0.026), but not among currently smoking men (P for trend=0.751). We observed similar effect modification for women. CONCLUSIONS: Time spent walking was associated with a reduced risk for all-cause mortality, especially among nonsmoking men and women.

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Physical Activity and Mortality in Older Men With Diagnosed Coronary Heart Disease

Cited by 248 publications

References 29 publications

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Health benefits of physical activity: the evidence

Impact of cardiac rehabilitation and exercise training programs in coronary heart disease

Walking and Mortality in Japan: The Miyagi Cohort Study

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