Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by sequencing of a putative membrane protein gene

Thiaucourt, François; Lorenzon, Sophie; David, Armelle; Bréard, Alain

doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(99)00204-7

Cited by 36 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Among the field strains tested in this study, five strains were proven to be strictly identical to Msp7 strain PG50 by MF dot, by PCR and on the basis that these strains shared some strictly similar IS 1296 and vmm Southern blot profiles. Most of the phylogenetic analysis [14,25,33], particularly based on the 16S rRNA sequences [26], place Msp7 strain PG50 as a sub-species of the M. capricolum species. However, other genetic particularities place Msp7 strain PG50 phylogenetically closer to the M. mycoides species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But classifying the members of M. mycoides cluster has always been problematic: (i) Extensive and complex cross-reactions occur between subspecies or types, and acute antigenic identification of CBPP and CCPP agents has been achieved only through the use of specific monoclonal antibodies [4,32]; (ii) High antigenic heterogeneity within some types or subspecies (MmmLC, Mcc) hampers identification [6,18,27]; (iii) The definitive taxonomy of the M. mycoides cluster has not yet been established and discrepancies have recently appeared between their taxonomy and phylogeny. Msp7 strain PG50 produces significant cross-reactions with Mccp and, to some extent, with MmmSC [13,27], and should be phylogenetically included as a subspecies of the M. capricolum species [1,14,26,33]. The 16S rRNA genes of Mmc and MmmLC are 99.9% similar, suggesting they should be considered as two phenotypes of the same species, distinct from MmmSC [21,26]; (iv) Animal host specificity, previously thought as very specific and used as a clue to identification, has proven to be unreliable [23].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

et al. 2004

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-DNA amplification techniques offer considerable promise for the identification of Mycoplasma mycoides cluster members. They avoid antigenic cross-reactivity and variability that hamper serological methods. Many sets of primers, specific of these different members and of Mycoplasma putrefaciens, have been proposed. To assess the reliability of some of these PCR tests in routine laboratory diagnostic use, 230 field strains supposed to belong to this group were simultaneously identified by PCR and an antigenic method. The results were well correlated to antigenic identification for M. putrefaciens, but PCR failed to identify respectively 74% and 52% of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Large Colony type and M. capricolum subsp. capricolum strains. Any identification of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides Small Colony type must be confirmed by two different tests. Difficulties in defining the M. species bovine serogroup 7 were also encountered with both the PCR and immunological methods. The occurrence of putative variable antigen(s) on the mycoplasma surface may explain part of the identification difficulties encountered with the immunological methods. Mycoplasma mycoides cluster / PCR / ruminants / identification / variable antigen

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

et al. 2004

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“…(ii) Mycoplasma 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ITS): PCR targeting the 16S-23S rRNA ITS of mycoplasma with primers MycopIGSF (5Ј-CCCGTCAC ACCATGAGAGTT-3Ј) and MycopIGSR (5Ј-TCGGCTCCATTTTCCAAGG C-3Ј) was done as previously described (10,11). (iii) Mycoplasma fructose biphosphate aldolase gene (fba): PCR specific for the putative membrane protein gene, fba, of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster was performed with primers Mycald P (5Ј-GCAATTGTTGGTATTGTTGTTGG-3Ј) and Capald M (5Ј-TA TGTGCATCACTTACCATTTGTTTAG-3Ј) as previously described (41). (iv) Herpesvirus DNA polymerase: PCR using degenerate primers DFA (5Ј-GAYT TYGCNAGYTYITAYCC-3Ј), ILK (5ЈTCCTGGACAAGCAGCRNYSGCNM TNAA3Ј), and KG1 (3Ј-GTCCTTGCTCACCAGITCIACICCYTT3Ј) in a primary reaction and degenerate primers NY2 (5Ј-TGYAAYTCRGTDTAYGGI TTYACIGGNGT3Ј) and NYGD (5Ј-CACRGAGTCCGTRTCNCCRTADAT-3Ј) in a secondary reaction that target consensus regions of herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene for amplification of all herpesviruses was performed as previously described (21,33,42).…”

Section: Eight Southern Steenbok [Raphicerus Campestris Campestris] mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok ( Pelea capreolus ) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

Nicolas¹,

Stalis²,

Clippinger

et al. 2005

J Clin Microbiol

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In the winter of 2002, an outbreak of mycoplasma infection in Vaal rhebok (Pelea capreolus) originating from South Africa occurred 15 weeks after their arrival in San Diego, Calif. Three rhebok developed inappetence, weight loss, lethargy, signs related to pulmonary or arthral dysfunction, and sepsis. All three rhebok died or were euthanized. Primary postmortem findings were erosive tracheitis, pleuropneumonia, regional cellulitis, and necrotizing lymphadenitis. Mycoplasmas were detected in numerous tissues by electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and PCR. The three deceased rhebok were coinfected with ovine herpesvirus-2, and two animals additionally had a novel gammaherpesvirus. However, no lesions indicative of herpesvirus were seen microscopically in any animal. The rheboks' mycoplasmas were characterized at the level of the 16S rRNA gene, the 16S-23S intergenic spacer region, and the fructose biphosphate aldolase gene. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis was carried out to address the possibility of infection with multiple strains. Two of the deceased rhebok were infected with a single strain of Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, and the third animal had a single, unique strain most closely related to Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony. A PCR survey of DNA samples from 46 other ruminant species demonstrated the presence of several species of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster, including a strain of M. capricolum subsp. capricolum identical to that found in two of the rhebok. These findings demonstrate the pervasiveness of mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster in small ruminants and the potential for interspecies transmission and disease when different animal taxa come in contact.Mycoplasmas of the mycoides cluster are pathogens of ruminants and comprise six closely related species that are subdivided into two subgroups based on genetic similarity. The capricolum subgroup includes Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, and Mycoplasma subsp. bovine group 7 (BG7). The mycoides subgroup consists of Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony, and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides large-colony (45). All six species of the mycoides cluster can cause respiratory, arthral, genitourinary, or mammary disease, although significant hostand strain-related variation in virulence exists. M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony and M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae, the etiologies of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) and contagious caprine pleuropneumonia (CCPP), respectively, are the most virulent and typically induce fatal systemic disease in their hosts. Other members of the mycoides cluster, while pathogenic, do not usually cause life-threatening illness and, instead, establish protracted infections that result in low levels of chronic inflammation (8, 37).Infection of sheep and goats with mycoplasmas in the mycoides cluster occurs worldwide. The insidious nature of many of these infections al...

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“…capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC seem to represent different serovars rather than different subspecies [4,15,16,18,21,24,27,30,32,35]. This inability to distinguish these two organisms has been debated by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes -Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Mollicutes, and it was suggested that an additional comparative analysis was required to definitively put an end to the inquiry about the relationship between these two mycoplasmas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since phylogenetic analysis based upon the 16S rRNA gene sequences alone provided only a limited understanding of species relationships and evolutionary history, and 16S rRNA operons show high intraspecific variation, sequences of protein-encoding genes have been suggested and used. Hence, sequence analysis of the lppA gene [18] and of a putative membrane protein gene [35] were assessed. These methods also clustered together both M. mycoides subsp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp.capriandMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesLC can be grouped into a single subspecies

2006

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-Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri and Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC can be combined into one taxon on the basis of several contributions on both DNA sequence and protein analyses reported in the literature. Moreover, for the differentiation and identification of mycoplasmas of the "mycoides cluster", we investigated the rpoB gene, encoding the β-subunit of the RNA polymerase. A segment of 527 bp of the rpoB gene was amplified from 31 strains of ruminant mycoplasmas by PCR. The nucleotide sequences were determined and aligned, and accurate genetic relationships were calculated. Cluster analysis of rpoB DNA allowed species differentiation within the "mycoides cluster" and confirmed that M. mycoides subsp. capri and M. mycoides subsp. mycoides LC cannot be distinguished from each other. "Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri" is proposed as a common name for both subspecies Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri / Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides LC / ruminant mycoplasmoses / taxon / serovar

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Phylogeny of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster as shown by sequencing of a putative membrane protein gene

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

Assessment of PCR for routine identification of species of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster in ruminants

Systemic Disease in Vaal Rhebok ( Pelea capreolus ) Caused by Mycoplasmas in the Mycoides Cluster

Mycoplasma mycoidessubsp.capriandMycoplasma mycoidessubsp.mycoidesLC can be grouped into a single subspecies

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