Phylogenetic systematics of the shelled sea slug genus Oxynoe Rafinesque, 1814 (Heterobranchia : Sacoglossa), with integrative descriptions of seven new species

Krug, Patrick J.; Berriman, John S.; Valdés, Ángel

doi:10.1071/is17080

Cited by 15 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In contrast, integrative analyses incorporating trait data can objectively resolve species complexes, which are ubiquitous in marine heterobranchs (Wilson et al, 2013; Cooke et al, 2014; Churchill et al, 2014; Krug et al, 2013, 2016). Data on morphology, ecology, larval type and distribution can now be used to formally describe each CS (Krug et al, in press).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biting commentary: Integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”

Berriman

Ellingson

Awbrey

et al. 2018

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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Predicting biotic resistance to highly invasive strains of "killer algae" (Caulerpa spp.) requires understanding the diversity and feeding preferences of native consumers, including sea slugs in family Oxynoidae. Past studies reported low algal host specificity for Oxynoe (6 spp.) and Lobiger (4 spp.), but these taxonomically challenging slugs may represent species complexes of unrecognized specialists that prefer different Caulerpa spp. Here, we assess global diversity of these genera by integrating gene sequences with morphological data from microscopic teeth and internal shells, the only hard parts in these soft-bodied invertebrates. Four delimitation methods applied to datasets comprising mtDNA and/or nuclear alleles yielded up to 16 species hypotheses for samples comprising five nominal taxa, including five highly divergent species in Lobiger and five in Oxynoe. Depending on the analysis, a further four to six species were recovered in the O. antillarum-viridis complex, a clade in which mitochondrial divergence was low and nuclear alleles were shared among lineages. Bayesian species delimitation using only morphological data supported most candidate species, however, and integrative analyses combining morphological and genetic data fully supported all complex members. Collectively, our findings double the recognized biodiversity in Oxynoidae, and illustrate the value of including data from traits that mediate fast-evolving ecological interactions during species delimitation. Preference for Caulerpa spp. and radular tooth characteristics covaried among newly delimited species, highlighting an unappreciated degree of host specialization and coevolution in these taxa that may help predict their role in containing outbreaks of invasive algae.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A biting commentary: Integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”

Berriman

Ellingson

Awbrey

et al. 2018

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

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“…Consumes Caulerpa sp. algae (Krug et al 2018). Australian distribution: QLD, NSW, Vic, Tas GBIF 2016).…”

Section: Family Pleurobranchidae Gray 1827 Genus Berthellina Gardiner 1936mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Oxynoe jordani Krug, Berriman & Valdés, 2018 Figure 7B Ecology: Intertidal to shallow subtidal, rocky reef. Lives on the host algae Caulerpa cupressoides (Krug et al 2018). Australian distribution: Lord Howe Island only .…”

Section: Family Pleurobranchidae Gray 1827 Genus Berthellina Gardiner 1936mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, there are nine species of endemic fish (Francis 1993), 47 species of endemic algae (Allender & Kraft 1983;Kraft 2000;Edgar et al 2010) and a range of shelled gastropods with distributions that are restricted to LHI and nearby Elizabeth and Middleton Reefs (Ponder et al 2000). Recent genetic investigations of coral taxa (Baird et al 2017) and sacoglossan sea slugs (Krug et al 2018) have also identified a suite of taxa that is endemic to the island.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The heterobranch sea slugs of Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Nimbs¹,

Hutton²,

Davis³

et al. 2020

Proc. R. Soc. Vic.

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The distribution of heterobranch sea slugs is generally poorly documented at a regional scale. Thus, it is currently difficult to quantify biodiversity, identify endemic and invasive species, and track range shifts at scales relevant to conservation management. For Lord Howe Island, which lies ~600 km east of the New South Wales (NSW) mid-north coast, data from a range of taxa indicate high biodiversity and endemism, but this has not been examined for heterobranch sea slugs. To address this deficit, we collated occurrence data on sea slugs from both private and public sources, including museum records, scientific literature, field guides and citizen science activities. A total of 186 nominal (formally described) species in 82 genera and 31 families were identified from intertidal and subtidal habitats. Of these, two species are endemic to Lord Howe Island, two have not been recorded elsewhere in Australia, and 28 have not been recorded on the mainland coast of NSW. These results support studies of other taxa suggesting that the relative isolation of the island has facilitated the development of diverse and unique assemblages. However, this isolation is moderated by larval transport from surrounding regions, resulting in considerable overlap of the species pool with the mainland coast of NSW and tropical areas to the north.

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“…The use of integrative taxonomic approaches, and in particular of molecular phylogenetics, has revealed the existence of numerous species complexes and con-tributed to the discovery of unknown species among heterobranch sea slugs (Padula et al 2014, Austin et al 2018, Krug et al 2018. The variable chromatic patterns described for R. brenkoae hint at yet another possible example of cryptic diversity masked under a single species name, but to date the taxonomy of this elusive species has only been studied on the basis of morphology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

To be or not to be? What molecules say about <em>Runcina brenkoae</em> Thompson, 1980 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Runcinida)

et al. 2019

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Runcinids are poorly known minute marine slugs inhabiting intertidal and shallow subtidal rocky shores. Among the European species, Runcina brenkoae, described from the Adriatic Sea in the Mediterranean, has been described to display chromatic variability, placing in question the true identity and geographic distribution of the species. In this paper we investigate the taxonomic status of R. brenkoae based on specimens from the central and western Mediterranean Sea and the southern Iberian coastline of Portugal and Spain, following an integrative approach combining multi-locus molecular phylogenetics based on the mitochondrial markers cytochrome c oxidase subunit I and 16S rRNA and the nuclear gene histone H3, together with the study of morpho-anatomical characters investigated by scanning electron microscopy. To aid in species delimitation, the Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Bayesian Poisson tree process methods were employed. Our results indicate the existence of a complex of three species previously identified as R. brenkoae, namely two new species here described (R. marcosi n. sp. and R. lusitanica n. sp.) and R. brenkoae proper.

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Phylogenetic systematics of the shelled sea slug genus Oxynoe Rafinesque, 1814 (Heterobranchia : Sacoglossa), with integrative descriptions of seven new species

Cited by 15 publications

References 67 publications

A biting commentary: Integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”

A biting commentary: Integrating tooth characters with molecular data doubles known species diversity in a lineage of sea slugs that consume “killer algae”

The heterobranch sea slugs of Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

To be or not to be? What molecules say about <em>Runcina brenkoae</em> Thompson, 1980 (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Runcinida)

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