The heterobranch sea slugs of Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Nimbs, Matt J.; Hutton, I.; Davis, Tom R.; Larkin, Meryl F.; Smith, Stephen

doi:10.1071/rs20002

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Surveys of heterobranch sea slugs (Heterobranchia: Gastropoda: Mollusca) were conducted on scuba by the first author and colleagues at an estuarine site (La Balsa Park) and a reef site (Nudi Ledge) on the Sunshine Coast, Qld., Australia. Target species included those typically regarded as "sea slugs and allies" [33] which are the main focus of general surveys of marine sea slugs [6,34,35], and recent community-run events (e.g., the Sea Slug Census program [32]). In a formal sense, this included heterobranchs from the infraclass Euthyneura (see Table S1).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Slugs—“Rare in Space and Time”—But Not Always

Schubert

Smith

2020

Diversity

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The term “rare in space and time” is often used to typify the spatial and temporal patterns of occurrence of heterobranch sea slugs. However, “rare” in this context has not been clearly defined. In an attempt to provide more insight into the concept of rarity in sea slug assemblages, we analysed abundance data from 209 individual surveys conducted over a 5-year period in a subtropical estuary and a 7-year period on a shallow coastal reef, on the Sunshine Coast, Qld, Australia. Using an ‘intuitive’ method (<10 individuals recorded over the study), and the ‘quartile’ method we assessed numerical rarity (number of individuals of a species seen over the study period) and temporal rarity (frequency of observation). We also assessed numerical rarity using octaves based on log2 abundance bins. The quartile method did not effectively capture either measure of rarity. The octave method, however, fitted closely to subjective classifications of abundance and defined a similar number of species as rare when compared to the intuitive method. Using the octave method, 66% of species in both the estuary and on the reef, were considered as rare. Consequently, we recommend the octave method to allocate abundance classifications. To address the poor fit for temporal classifications based on quartiles, we propose the following as a working model for wider testing: rare ≤25% of surveys; uncommon 26−50%, common 51−75%; and abundant >75%.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sea Slugs—“Rare in Space and Time”—But Not Always

Schubert

Smith

2020

Diversity

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“…Species captured in images were collated through iNaturalist and identifications were crowd-sourced to reach consensus (Research Grade). These were also checked, along with distribution records, against a range of resources including reference books [26][27][28][29], websites covering sea slugs (e.g., Sea Slug Forum) and databases (GBIF) including those compiled from recent records in the SSC program [11,[30][31].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A determination of an extension to a species range was made by reference to the databases of the authors as well as publications detailing sea slug distributions in NSW [10][11][12][13][14][30][31]. The taxonomic structure of this paper follows the World Register of Marine Species [32].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citizen Scientists Record Significant Range Extensions for Tropical Sea Slug Species in Subtropical Eastern Australia

Smith

Nimbs

2022

Diversity

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The Sea Slug Census program in Australia engages with citizen scientists to record the diversity and distribution of sea slugs across multiple locations. The program has consistently recorded shifts in distribution patterns but a recent, nine-day census in subtropical eastern Australia recorded unprecedented range extensions of tropical species. Seven species (six chromodorids and one polycerid) were found further south of their previously known distribution with Hypselodoris bertschi being recorded for the first time in Australia. These observations suggested the recent transport of larvae via the East Australian Current with recruitment to coastal sites possibly promoted by a protracted period of strong onshore winds associated with the 2021/22 La Niña in the western Pacific. With the increasing frequency of poleward range extensions of marine taxa, citizen science programs such as the Sea Slug Census provide the opportunity to substantially increase monitoring efforts. Linking with iNaturalist strengthens the value of the observations through online peer review to confirm species identities as well as the incorporation of substantiated (Research Grade) records into international biodiversity databases such as GBIF.

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“…Small islands often could hold their own unique diversity of flora and fauna. However, small islands are also facing increased anthropogenic threats that risk the diversity on the surrounding area (Nimbs et al 2020). This factor, combined with the short life of most heterobranch sea slugs which usually live less than 12 months, might affect the existence of this group of animals which is already regarded as spatio-temporary rare (Nimbs and Smith 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

New records of nudibranchs and a sacoglossan (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Sempu Strait, Indonesia

Andrimida

2022

Indo Pac J Ocean Life

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Abstract. Andrimida A. 2022. New records of nudibranchs and a sacoglossan (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Sempu Strait, Indonesia. Indo Pac J Ocean Life 6: 1-9. This study reports the additional records of fourteen heterobranch sea slug species from Sempu Strait, East Java, Indonesia, in which thirteen species belong to the nudibranchia order, and one species belongs to the sacoglossa order. These species belong to seven families: Plakobranchidae (1 species), Polyceridae (1 species), Discodorididae (2 species), Chromodorididae (7 species), Flabellinidae (1 species), Eubranchidae (1 species), and Facelinidae (1 species). All of these species are recorded for the first time from the Sempu Strait. There are two species that only could be identified to its genus, which are Chromodoris sp. and Eubranchus sp. This study also found additional record of Plocamopherus imperialis Angas, 1864 on the tropical waters, where this species formerly believed only exclusively distributed along the subtropical waters of Eastern Australia and Northern New Zealand. Combined with the previous study on Sempu Strait, to date, 59 species of heterobranch sea slug have been reported and recorded in this area. Species identification was conducted by carefully examining the morphological features of each specimens encountered during the surveys.

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The heterobranch sea slugs of Lord Howe Island, NSW, Australia (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Sea Slugs—“Rare in Space and Time”—But Not Always

Sea Slugs—“Rare in Space and Time”—But Not Always

Citizen Scientists Record Significant Range Extensions for Tropical Sea Slug Species in Subtropical Eastern Australia

New records of nudibranchs and a sacoglossan (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) from Sempu Strait, Indonesia

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